An epidemiological study of martial arts injuries in patients presenting to US emergency rooms.

Introduction: With the advent of mixed martial arts (MMA) growing in popularity, there has been a described increase in its participation. The term MMA generally describes the hybridization of combat disciplines including but not limited to: karate, judo, jiu-jitsu, wrestling, taekwondo, boxing, kickboxing, and Muay Thai. With increased participation in MMA and martial arts, differing physical demands are placed on participants.

Esthetic reduction of the thyroid cartilage: A systematic review of chondrolaryngoplasty.

Background: The transgender patient seeking transition from male to female suffers a significant stigma from the prominent male thyroid cartilage. Natal men and women may seek elective reduction of the "Adam's apple" as well. There are various techniques for performing chondrolaryngoplasty, but these techniques and their associated outcomes are poorly described in the literature.