The value of interleukin levels in the diagnosis of febrile urinary tract infections in children and adolescents; a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: In recent years, researchers have been looking for tools and biomarkers to identify urinary tract infections (UTI) in children. Since there exists no systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the matter, the present study intends to determine the diagnostic value of serum and urinary levels of interleukins (IL) in the diagnosis of febrile UTI in children and adolescents.

Methods: Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched until the end of 2020, using keywords related to UTI and serum and urinary ILs.

Discriminatory Precision of Renal Angina Index in Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in Children; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: There is still controversy over the value of renal angina index (RAI) in predicting acute renal failure (AKI) in children. Therefore, the present study aims to provide evidence by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis on the value of RAI in this regard.

Methods: An extensive search of Medline, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted by the end of January 2020 using words related to RAI and AKI.

Topical use of Matricaria recutita L (Chamomile) Oil in the Treatment of Monosymptomatic Enuresis in Children: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of topical use of Matricaria recutita L oil in the treatment of enuresis in children.

Methods: Eighty patients diagnosed as monosymptomatic nocturnal or daytime enuresis were allocated to receive Matricaria recutita L (chamomile) oil or placebo topically for 6 weeks in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial with a parallel design. Patients were evaluated prior to and following 8 weeks of the intervention in terms of frequency of enuresis and any observed adverse events.

Posterior urethral valve in a child presenting as recurrent epididymo-orchitis.

Epididymo-orchitis is an uncommon complication of posterior urethral valve. A four-year-old boy was admitted because of right-sided epididymo-orchitis. Scintigraphy of the scrotum showed increased uptake of radiotracer on the right side.