Socio-Economic Characteristics and Risk Factors Affecting Domestic Violence in Montenegro: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Domestic violence is defined as the combined pattern of physical, psychological, economic and/or sexual violence against a family member. Intimate partner violence is the most common form. We aimed to present the basic characteristics of the Montenegrin families and family members affected by domestic violence, with the intent to inform the global mosaic of differences related to cultural specificities.

Nonpharmaceutical interventions reduce the incidence and mortality of COVID-19: A study based on the survey from the International COVID-19 Research Network (ICRN).

The recently emerged novel coronavirus, "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)," caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has severely damaged the world's most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low- and middle-income countries. Since its emergence in late 2019, medical interventions have been substantial, and most countries relied on public health measures collectively known as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs).

Influence of Spatial and Temporal Distance of the Hospital on Survival of Patients with Dangerous Injuries Sustained in Traffic Accidents.

Background: Effective care of any trauma is a priority in all health care systems. If a patient gets adequate treatment within "golden hour" from the injury the prognosis is better, but not as the only factor. The objective was focused on the influence of time and spacial distance of the hospital from the accident as determinant factors of survival, all in the aim Public Health System of Montenegro reorganisation for better accessibility for traumatized persons from 2011-2020.

HSP60, SP110 and TNF-α expression in Chlamydia pneumoniae-positive versus Chlamydia pneumoniae-negative atherosclerotic plaques.

Traditionally recognized risk factors for atherosclerosis are not presented in 50% of patients with ischemic heart disease. Chronic inflammation with low pathogenic agents with slightly, or no signs of inflammation is the mainstay of atherosclerosis and could be triggered by an infectious agent, most commonly by Chlamydia pneumoniae. Immunostaning of 33 Chlamydia pneumoniae-positive and 30 Chlamydia pneumoniae- negative quadriple arterial sets were examined for protective Sp110, and atherogenic HSP60 markers, as well as for TNF-α which is inflammatory marker affected by both of them.

Etanercept in the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy with primary hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis.

Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disease affecting ocular and orbital tissues. Overproduction of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and GO has destructive consequences. The subject of this paper is a case of a female patient initially diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism substitution with levothyroxine, and subsequent diagnosis of RA with insufficient therapeutic efficacy of a standard medication.

Attitudes Toward Organ Donation and Transplantation Among Transplant-Related Health Care Workers and the Local Population of Montenegro.

Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the attitudes of transplant-related health care workers and the local population of Montenegro toward organ donation and transplantation.

Materials And Methods: Our study included 200 transplant-related health care professionals (from the Clinical Center of Montenegro, the only transplant hospital in the country) and 200 volunteers from Podgorica (the capital of Montenegro). Their attitudes were evaluated using an anonymous, self-administered, multiple-choice questionnaire.

The assessment of airbag deployment and seatbelt use in preventing facial injuries.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of airbags and seatbelts in the prevention of facial fractures and slight facial injuries in relation to the speed and kinetic energy experienced in frontal collisions. All cases of vehicle occupants who had been in frontal collisions and had subsequently been examined in the Institute for Emergency Medical Assistance and the Clinical Center of Montenegro in 2017 were analyzed. There were 29 cases of facial fractures (Group 1), 35 cases of slight facial injuries (including nondisplaced nasal fractures) (Group 2), and 26 cases of occupants who had suffered no facial injuries (control Group 3).

Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery: A study of occurrence and diameter.

The superficial palmar branch (SPB) of the radial artery (RA) is an important blood vessel in plastic surgery procedures of the hand. It is used as the axial artery in a free flap used for finger reconstruction. The occurrence of this arterial branch is variable, as well as its diameter and course.

Asymmetry of the greater cornua of the hyoid bone and the superior thyroid cornua: a case report.

The hyoid bone consists of a body and two pairs of processes: the greater cornua (GC) and the lesser cornua. The GC is connected to the superior thyroid cornu (STC) by the lateral thyrohyoid ligament. The GC and the STC share a common embryological origin from the third pharyngeal arch.

Blood groups and acute aortic dissection type III.

Introduction: Acute aortic type III dissection is one of the most catastrophic events, with in-hospital mortality ranging between 10% and 12%. The majority of patients are treated medically, but complicated dissections, which represent 15% to 20% of cases, require surgical or thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). For the best outcomes adequate blood transfusion support is required.

Mathematical model in post-mortem estimation of brain edema using morphometric parameters.

Current autopsy principles for evaluating the existence of brain edema are based on a macroscopic subjective assessment performed by pathologists. The gold standard is a time-consuming histological verification of the presence of the edema. By measuring the diameters of the cranial cavity, as individually determined morphometric parameters, a mathematical model for rapid evaluation of brain edema was created, based on the brain weight measured during the autopsy.

The association between pro-arrhythmic agents and aortic stenosis in young adults: is it sufficient to clarify the sudden unexpected deaths?

Most young patients with mild-to-moderate aortic stenosis show no symptoms, and sudden death appears only occasionally. We hypothesised that malignant ventricular arrhythmias could be responsible for the high incidence of sudden death in such patients. If multiple factors such as asymptomatic aortic stenosis in association with arrhythmia-provoking agents are involved, could it be sufficient to account for sudden unexpected death? In this study, eight cases of sudden death in young adults, with ages ranging from 22 to 36 years, who had never reported any symptoms that could be related to aortic stenosis, were investigated.

The therapeutic potential of royal jelly in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Comparison with contemporary literature.

The aim of this study is to establish the scientific benefit of royal jelly (RJ) on prostatic-specific antigen (PSA), post-void residual (PVR) volume and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) in benign prostatic hyperplasia. For the study, a group of 40 men were administered 38 mg of RJ over a period of three months, their PSA values, prostate volumes and the volumes of their transitory prostate zones, PVR and IPPS values were measured at the end of the first month, and at the end of the third month. The results of this study confirm the potential of RJ in reducing PSA scores and improving IPSS values.

Performance of primary repair on colon injuries sustained from low-versus high-energy projectiles.

Among various reasons, colon injuries may be caused by low- or high-energy firearm bullets, with the latter producing a temporary cavitation phenomenon. The available treatment options include primary repair and two-stage management, but recent studies have shown that primary repair can be widely used with a high success rate. This paper investigates the differences in performance of primary repair on these two types of colon injuries.

Fatal Penetrating Injuries Sustained by High-pressure Water Jet Unit.

The high-pressure water jet unit is a generator of frequent burst of water jets. The water jet reaches very high speeds and is able to cause wounds similar to those of high-velocity projectiles. In the presented case, unusual fatal injuries sustained by water jet are presented.

Comparison of Sperm Parameters in Patients with Infertility Induced by Genital Infection versus Varicocele.

Background: Male infertility is a common and complex problem and, despite much research in this field, the major cause of infertility unfortunately remains unknown. Genital infection and varicocele are important causes of infertility.

Aims: To compare the influence of genital infection and varicocele individually on male infertility based on semen analysis.

Injury Severity Score based estimation of height of fall in bus rolling down the cliff.

A case of bus rollover into the canyon, 40 m down the road, with 47 occupants out of which 18 were fatally injured, was used to compute the Injury Severity Score (ISS) for each passengers as well as the equivalent free fall for this particular accident, to be compared to the height of fall as estimated by the Lau's model based on ISS, resulting the conclusion whether Lau's model and the computation of ISS can be considered reliable to estimate the height of fall in any other case. Dealing with this, we would be also able to assess a protective potential of the bus on occupants while it falls from the height. By using classic energy-related mechanical formulas the presented rollover down the cliff has been transferred into a corresponding free fall from the height (10 m).

Restricting sports activity in reducing the rate of varicocele and related infertility parameters in athletes.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the cessation of sports training in young athletes reduces the prevalence of varicocele.

Material And Methods: 1,013 young males were divided into three age-matched groups based on their sport activity. The first group consisted of 305 athletically active boys in basketball, volleyball, handball, or football; the second of 44 active water-polo players, and the third of 664 sport-inactive controls.

Morphometric analysis of the fascicular organisation of the optic nerve.

Background/aim: The optic nerve is anatomically observed in four segments: intrabulbar, orbital, canalicular, and cranial. According to the literature, the surface of the transversal cut of the nerve is different through it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fascicular organisation of the optic nerve, throughout its three segments fromthe eye.

Relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine a correlation between the level of 25-hydroxivitamin D (25-OHD) and the incidence of diabetes.

Subjects And Methods: In this prospective observational study, 97 (out of an initial 100) Caucasian women with osteoporosis (OS) were monitored for 2 years for the incidence of diabetes. Logistic regression analysis was used to establish an association with and prognostic value of vitamin D for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as insulin resistance, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the development of diabetes.

Traumatic acute myocardial ischaemia involving two vessels.

Myocardial infarctions caused by coronary artery injury after blunt chest trauma is a fatal, but rare occurrence. In the case reported on here, a fatally injured 69-year-old male driver sustained such trauma in a frontal car collision. The autopsy found a laceration of the left anterior descending artery as well as a subsequent subepicardial haematoma surrounding this artery and the circumflex artery.

Fatal laryngeal oedema in an adult from an air rifle injury, and related ballistics.

Air guns (air pistols and rifles) are already recognized as being potentially lethal. The diabolo pellet has a calibre of .177 (4.

Hepatic artery aneurysm developing after Billroth's operation.

In this report we review the unusual case of a patient with a common hepatic artery aneurysm presenting 30 years after a Billroth's II resection. A 65-year-old man with epigastric pain and 10 kg of weight loss in the previous 6 months was referred to our clinic. Computed tomography revealed the presence of an aneurysm of the common hepatic artery (HAA) of 35 mm.

Asymptomatic syphilitic massive necrosis of the spleen in late syphilis.

The varieties of luetic clinical variants are countless in nature. In this regard, an autopsy case of a 72-year-old homeless man who accidentally succumbed to carbon-monoxide poisoning is here presented and reviewed. The autopsy revealed the highly unusual finding of asymptomatic syphilitic necrosis of spleen followed by luetic mesaortitis, a solitary skin gumma, and syphilitic arthritis.