Production of recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-human neutrophil antigen (HNA) antibodies with potential applicability as standard antibodies.

Background: Antibodies against human neutrophil antigen (HNA) are involved in the pathogenesis of neonatal alloimmune neutropenia, autoimmune neutropenia, and transfusion-related acute lung injury. The present methods for anti-HNA antibody identification strongly depend on the presence of standard antisera with known allo/isospecificities. Here, we aimed to produce recombinant humanized antibodies to HNA from available mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs).

A novel reagent for the screening of haptoglobin-deficient blood donors.

Background And Objectives: In Japan, the prevalence of haptoglobin deficiency is approximately 1 in 4000. Haptoglobin-deficient individuals may produce anti-haptoglobin from allo-immunization, leading to serious transfusion reactions. Therefore, implementation of a consistent supply of haptoglobin-deficient fresh frozen plasma is crucial.

Insights into the diversity of blood donation practice across Asia: How blood collection agencies adapt donor criteria and processes to their population.

Background And Objectives: Securing an adequate blood supply relies on accurate knowledge of blood donors and donation practices. As published evidence on Asian populations is sparse, this study aims to gather up-to-date information on blood donors and donation practices in Asia to assist planning and strategy development.

Materials And Methods: Ten blood collection agencies (BCAs) provided 12 months' data on donors who met eligibility criteria or were deferred, as well as details of their donation practices.

Decreased rate of blood donors with high ABO antibody titers in Japan and the underlying factors: Comparisons between 2010 and 2021.

Background And Objectives: Previously (2007), it was reported that ABO antibody titers in Japanese blood donors had decreased significantly compared to 20 years before. Here we evaluated whether further decrease of antibody titers had occurred in recent years, and the potential factors associated with changes in antibody titers.

Materials And Methods: Serum/plasma from random blood donors in 2010 and 2021 (2010: 3369, 2021: 5796 donors) was classified into low, middle, and high ABO antibody titers according to the reactivity of diluted serum/plasma (2.

Successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with type I CD36 deficiency: a case study and literature review.

Background: CD36-deficient individuals may produce anti-CD36 antibodies through antigenic exposure to CD36, in situations including blood transfusions. Therefore, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from CD36-positive donors to CD36-negative patients remains a challenge.

Case Report: A 64-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia became refractory to platelet transfusions during chemotherapy.

Genetic background of anti-Xg producers in Japanese blood donors.

Background And Objectives: The Xg blood group is composed of two antigens, Xg (XG1) and CD99 (XG2 and MIC2). The XG and CD99 are homologous genes located on pseudoautosomal region 1 of the X and Y chromosomes. The expressions of Xg and CD99 are co-regulated by a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs311103) in the GATA-1 binding region.

GP.MOT: A novel glycophorin variant identified in a Japanese blood donor.

Background: In this study, we identified a novel glycophorin variant (GP.MOT) in a Mi -positive Japanese blood donor. The proband with this glycophorin variant was discovered by antigen screening of samples from 475,493 Japanese blood donors using monoclonal anti-Mi .

Frequencies of glycophorin variants and alloantibodies against Hil and MINY antigens in Japanese.

Background And Objectives: Antigens of the MNS blood group system are expressed on the red blood cell (RBC) membrane on glycophorin A (GPA) and glycophorin B (GPB) or on hybrid molecules of GPA and GPB. This study investigated the distribution of glycophorin variants and alloantibodies against Hil and MINY among Japanese individuals.

Methods: Mi(a+) or Hil+ RBCs were screened using an automated blood grouping machine (PK7300) with monoclonal anti-Mi or polyclonal anti-Hil.

A case of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphocytic leukaemia with type I CD36 deficiency.

Background: CD36 is a glycoprotein expressed on platelets and monocytes of the blood. There are two types of CD36 deficiency, type I and type II. Individuals with type I-deficiency do not express CD36 in any cell type and can produce the CD36 antibody, which causes pathological conditions, such as fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) and platelet transfusion refractory (PTR), through antigenic exposure via transfusion or pregnancy.

An international comparison of HIV prevalence and incidence in blood donors and general population: a BEST Collaborative study.

Background And Objectives: Efficiency in mitigating HIV transmission risk by transfusion may vary internationally. We compared HIV prevalence and incidence in blood donors across different jurisdictions in relation to those rates in the general population and differences in deferral practices.

Materials And Methods: Data from 2007 to 2016 were collected in Australia, Brazil (São Paulo), Canada, England, France, Italy, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain (Basque Country), USA (Vitalant) and Wales.

Does time of CCI measurement affect the evaluation of platelet transfusion effectiveness?

The measurement of corrected count increment at 1-h post-transfusion (CCI-1 h) of platelet concentrate (PC) transfusion is recommended, but in the revised Japanese Guideline (2017) it was changed to "after 10-min to 1-h", following the revision of the guidelines from Western countries. Here, we aimed to investigate on the feasibility to apply the CCI measured at 10-min or 30-min post-transfusion as the surrogate of CCI-1 h. Peripheral blood was collected at 10-min, 30-min and 1-h post-transfusion of PC and the effectiveness of the transfusion was analyzed based on the CCI.

Novel hybrid genes and a splice site mutation encoding the St antigen among Japanese blood donors.

Background: The low-incidence antigen St of the MNS system is usually associated with the GP(B-A) hybrid molecule, which carries the 'N' antigen at the N terminus. The GP(A-A) molecule with trypsin-resistant M antigen has been found in a few St(a+) individuals.

Materials And Methods: Among Japanese blood donors, we screened 24 292 individuals for the presence of St(a+) with trypsin-resistant 'N' antigen and 193 009 individuals for the presence of St(a+) with trypsin-resistant M antigen.

Multiple HLA-matched platelet transfusions for a single patient with broad anti-HLA antibodies: a case report.

The efficacy of 30 platelet concentrate (PC) products transfused to a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was evaluated by calculating the 1-hour post-transfusion corrected count increment (1h-CCI). Of the 30 transfusions, all HLA-A/B-matched, the cross-match (CM) test was negative in 23 (CM(-)-PC) and weakly positive (CM(+)-PC) in 2, and the CM test was not conducted in 5 (non-CM-PC). The effective rate was higher with CM(-)-PC compared to non-CM-PC (82.

A novel c.166A>T (p.Thr56Ser) mutation in GYPB*S accounting for unusual S antigen expression.

We found an individual with weakened S antigen expression on red blood cells (RBCs) during routine blood grouping. The proband was typed S+s+ by polyclonal antibodies, but the RBCs demonstrated different reactivity with three monoclonal anti-S. The proband did not have alloanti-S.

Marked thrombocytopenia in a neonate is associated with anti-HPA-5b, anti-HLA-A31, and anti-HLA-B55 antibodies.

Maternal antibodies against human platelet antigen (HPA) and/or human leukocyte antigen (HLA) cause fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) in 0.09-0.15% of live births.

Successful treatment of rectovaginal fistula complicating ulcerative colitis with infliximab: a case report and review of the literature.

Rectovaginal fistula is a rare complication of ulcerative colitis (UC) regardless of surgical history of rectum. Various surgical treatment modalities for the closure of rectovaginal fistula have been developed, but a radically curative therapy remains to be developed. Recently, infliximab, the chimeric anti-human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antibody, has been largely applied for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and a few reports have shown its partial effectiveness in the management of rectovaginal fistulas associated with UC.

Safety and efficacy of preoperative autologous blood donation for high-risk pregnant women: experience of a large university hospital in Japan.

Aim: Preoperative autologous blood donation (PAD) has the advantages over allogeneic blood transfusion of theoretically no risk of viral infection and alloimmunization. However, there are some concerns regarding PAD in pregnant women, as they sometimes become anemic and adverse effects such as low blood pressure could be harmful to fetuses. In our hospital, the PAD program was implemented in 2006 and has been used in pregnant women at high risk of massive hemorrhage.

Prediction model for CD34 positive cell yield in peripheral blood stem cell collection on the fourth day after G-CSF administration in healthy donors.

Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) is an indispensable treatment option for hematological malignancy. The optimal collection day after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration should be determined by peripheral blood pre-apheresis CD34 positive (CD34⁺) cell percentage. However, pre-apheresis CD34⁺ cell analysis is not available for most institutions in Japan.

The current status of autologous blood transfusion in Japan--the importance of pre-deposit autologous blood donation program and the needs to achieve patient blood management.

Background: Autologous blood transfusion (ABT) is currently considered the safest transfusion, since the risks of allogeneic immunological reaction and viral transmission are theoretically null. Although its use has declined in Western countries in the recent decade, it has been progressively expanded in Japan. With the widening of the concept of patient blood management (PBM), which aims to prevent the harmful adverse effects of the exposure to allogeneic blood, the importance of the ABT has once again gained interest.

Human umbilical vein endothelial cell vaccine therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

We aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of glutaraldehyde-fixed human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) vaccine for the treatment of patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Patients of a HUVEC vaccine group received intradermal injections of 5 × 10(7) HUVEC weekly during the first month, and every 2 weeks from the second month, until progression of the disease was observed. Salvage treatment consisted of multimodal chemotherapy, radiation, including gamma-knife therapy, and/or repeated surgery, when feasible.