Physical activity, screen time and dietary behaviours in New Zealand adolescents prior to and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Insufficient physical activity, high screen time, and unhealthy dietary patterns among adolescents may have worsened during the pandemic, but data are lacking. This study compared physical activity, screen time and fruit and vegetable intake in adolescents from Dunedin, New Zealand, 5-6 years before (Study 1) and during (Study 2) the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Adolescents completed an online survey as part of the Built Environment and Active Transport to School (BEATS) studies in 2014/2015 (Study 1; n = 1,266; age: 15.

Stepping into the shoes of older people: a scoping review of simulating ageing experiences for healthcare professional students.

Background: Ageing simulation suits and equipment give healthcare professional (HCP) students the opportunity to experience what it might feel like to be an older person with age-related disability or illness. Ageing simulation experiences, where students complete activities of daily living (ADL) tasks, aim to reproduce the challenges an older person may face.

Objectives: We undertook a scoping literature review to establish, from the evidence base, what is known about simulating ageing experiences for HCP students and its impact on attitudes towards older patients.

Changes and differences in school food standards (2010-2021) and free school meal provision during COVID-19 across the UK: Potential implications for children's diets.

This paper explores changes to school food standards from 2010, free school meal provision during the COVID-19 pandemic across the UK and potential implications for children's diets. To obtain information on UK school food policies and free school meal provision methods we reviewed several sources including news articles, policy documents and journal articles. School food is an important part of the UK's health agenda and commitment to improving children's diets.

"Suction Tube Uterine Tamponade" for treatment of refractory postpartum hemorrhage: Internal feasibility and acceptability pilot of a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To assess feasibility and acceptability of a novel, low-cost "Suction Tube Uterine Tamponade" (STUT) treatment for refractory postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).

Methods: We allocated patients with refractory PPH by randomly ordered envelopes to STUT or routine uterine balloon tamponade (UBT, Ellavi free-flow system) in 10 hospitals in South Africa. In the STUT group, a 24FG Levin stomach tube was inserted into the uterine cavity and vacuum created with a vacuum pump or manual vacuum aspiration syringe.

3D printing of gas-dynamic virtual nozzles and optical characterization of high-speed microjets.

Gas dynamic virtual nozzles (GDVNs) produce microscopic flow-focused liquid jets and droplets and play an important role at X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities where they are used to steer a stream of hydrated biomolecules into an X-ray focus during diffraction measurements. Highly stable and reproducible microjet and microdroplets are desired, as are flexible fabrication methods that enable integrated mixing microfluidics, droplet triggering mechanisms, laser illumination, and other customized features. In this study, we develop the use of high-resolution 3D nano-printing for the production of monolithic, asymmetric GDVN designs that are difficult to fabricate by other means.

Evaluation of Outcomes Before and After Implementation of a Standardized Postoperative Care Pathway in Pediatric Posterior Spinal Fusion Patients.

Background: Standardized pathways decrease variability and improve outcomes and safety.

Purpose: The article aims to evaluate outcomes of a standardized postoperative care pathway compared with individual surgeon preference.

Methods: A review of patients prestandardization and poststandardization was performed.

Predicting and Experimentally Validating Hot-Spot Residues at Protein-Protein Interfaces.

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are vital to all biological processes. These interactions are often dynamic, sometimes transient, typically occur over large topographically shallow protein surfaces, and can exhibit a broad range of affinities. Considerable progress has been made in determining PPI structures.

Climate vulnerability assessment for Pacific salmon and steelhead in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem.

Major ecological realignments are already occurring in response to climate change. To be successful, conservation strategies now need to account for geographical patterns in traits sensitive to climate change, as well as climate threats to species-level diversity. As part of an effort to provide such information, we conducted a climate vulnerability assessment that included all anadromous Pacific salmon and steelhead (Oncorhynchus spp.

Snapshot of an oxygen intermediate in the catalytic reaction of cytochrome oxidase.

Cytochrome oxidase (CO) reduces dioxygen to water and harnesses the chemical energy to drive proton translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane by an unresolved mechanism. By using time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography, we identified a key oxygen intermediate of bovine CO. It is assigned to the P-intermediate, which is characterized by specific redox states of the metal centers and a distinct protein conformation.

Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism on hypertension in Africa: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Background: Hypertension is dramatically increasing in Africa with evidence of increased severity and resistance to treatment. Although angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism is associated with higher prevalence of hypertension, the evidence is inconclusive on its influence on the emerging pattern in Africa. This meta-analysis is conducted to pool the available evidence to inform future research and interventions.

Structural basis for light control of cell development revealed by crystal structures of a myxobacterial phytochrome.

Phytochromes are red-light photoreceptors that were first characterized in plants, with homologs in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic bacteria known as bacteriophytochromes (BphPs). Upon absorption of light, BphPs interconvert between two states denoted Pr and Pfr with distinct absorption spectra in the red and far-red. They have recently been engineered as enzymatic photoswitches for fluorescent-marker applications in non-invasive tissue imaging of mammals.

Enzyme intermediates captured "on the fly" by mix-and-inject serial crystallography.

Background: Ever since the first atomic structure of an enzyme was solved, the discovery of the mechanism and dynamics of reactions catalyzed by biomolecules has been the key goal for the understanding of the molecular processes that drive life on earth. Despite a large number of successful methods for trapping reaction intermediates, the direct observation of an ongoing reaction has been possible only in rare and exceptional cases.

Results: Here, we demonstrate a general method for capturing enzyme catalysis "in action" by mix-and-inject serial crystallography (MISC).

Author Correction: Supersaturation-controlled microcrystallization and visualization analysis for serial femtosecond crystallography.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Supersaturation-controlled microcrystallization and visualization analysis for serial femtosecond crystallography.

Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography with X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) holds the potential to view fast reactions occurring at near-physiological temperature. However, production and characterization of homogeneous micron-sized protein crystals at high density remain a bottleneck, due to the lack of the necessary equipments in ordinary laboratories. We describe here supersaturation-controlled microcrystallization and visualization and analysis tools that can be easily used in any laboratory.

Corrigendum: Diffraction data of core-shell nanoparticles from an X-ray free electron laser.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.

Risky business? Investigating outcomes of patients undergoing urgent laparoscopic appendectomy on antithrombotic therapy.

Introduction: The literature regarding outcomes in patients on irreversible antithrombotic therapy (IAT) undergoing urgent laparoscopic appendectomy is limited. The aim of this multicenter retrospective study was to examine the impact of prehospital IAT on outcomes in this population.

Methods: From 2010 to 2014, seven institutions from the Southwest Surgical Multicenter Trials (SWSC MCT) group conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the clinical course of all patients on IAT who underwent urgent/emergent laparoscopic appendectomy.

Serial millisecond crystallography of membrane and soluble protein microcrystals using synchrotron radiation.

Crystal structure determination of biological macromolecules using the novel technique of serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) is severely limited by the scarcity of X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) sources. However, recent and future upgrades render microfocus beamlines at synchrotron-radiation sources suitable for room-temperature serial crystallography data collection also. Owing to the longer exposure times that are needed at synchrotrons, serial data collection is termed serial millisecond crystallography (SMX).

Corrigendum: Double-flow focused liquid injector for efficient serial femtosecond crystallography.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep44628.

Diffraction data of core-shell nanoparticles from an X-ray free electron laser.

X-ray free-electron lasers provide novel opportunities to conduct single particle analysis on nanoscale particles. Coherent diffractive imaging experiments were performed at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Laboratory, exposing single inorganic core-shell nanoparticles to femtosecond hard-X-ray pulses. Each facetted nanoparticle consisted of a crystalline gold core and a differently shaped palladium shell.