Biorefinery of brewery spent grain to obtain bioproducts with high value-added in the market.

The brewery industry is under economic and environmental pressure to minimize residual management costs, particularly brewery spent grain (BSG), which accounts for 80-85% (w/w) of the total by-products generated. BSG is a lignocellulosic material primarily composed of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Developing a biorefinery model for conversion of BSG into value-added products is a plausible idea.

Biorefinery of Brewery Spent Grain by Solid-State Fermentation and Ionic Liquids.

Novel environmentally friendly pretreatments have been developed in recent years to improve biomass fractionation. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) and treatment with ionic liquids show low environmental impact and can be used in biorefinery of biomass. In this work, these processes were assessed with brewery spent grain (BSG).

Influence of Casein Hydrolysates and Yeast on the Rheological Properties of Wheat Dough.

The influence of casein hydrolysates (CHs) and yeast on the viscoelasticity of wheat dough at 25 °C were analysed. Three wheat doughs were studied: the unyeasted dough (UYD), the unyeasted dough with CHs (UYD-C) and the yeasted dough (YD). The characteristic parameters in the linear viscoelastic range (LVER) were analysed by stress sweep at 6.

The Chemical, Microbiological and Volatile Composition of Kefir-like Beverages Produced from Red Table Grape Juice in Repeated 24-h Fed-Batch Subcultures.

The aim of this work was to study the production of kefir-like beverages via the fed-batch fermentation of red table grape juice at initial pHs of 3.99 (fermentation A) and 5.99 (fermentation B) with kefir grains during 4 repeated 24-h fed-batch subcultures.

Production of a Potentially Probiotic Product for Animal Feed and Evaluation of Some of Its Probiotic Properties.

Nowadays, probiotics have been proposed for substituting antibiotics in animal feed since the European Union banned the latter compounds in 2006 to avoid serious side effects on human health. Therefore, this work aimed to produce a probiotic product for use in animal feed by fed-batch fermentation of whey with a combination of kefir grains, AGK1, and the fermented whole milk used to activate these kefir grains. The probiotic culture obtained was characterized by high levels of biomass (8.

Enhancing the saccharification of pretreated chestnut burrs to produce bacteriocins.

The present study aims to valorize chestnut burrs, an important lignocellulosic waste, through a biorefinery concept. A solid residue rich in glucan (41.36 ± 0.

Batch and fed-batch production of probiotic biomass and nisin in nutrient-supplemented whey media.

The production of a highly concentrated probiotic preparation of Lactococcus lactis CECT 539 was studied in both batch and realkalized fed-batch fermentations in diluted whey (DW) media (DW25, DW50, DW75, DW100, and DW125) supplemented with MRS broth nutrients (except glucose and Tween 80) at 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of their standard concentrations in the complex medium. The fed-batch culture using DW100 medium provided the highest concentrations of probiotic biomass (5.98 g/L) and nisin (258.

The Joint Effect of pH Gradient and Glucose Feeding on the Growth Kinetics of CECT 539 in Glucose-Limited Fed-Batch Cultures.

Two glucose-limited realkalized fed-batch cultures of CECT 539 were carried out in a diluted whey medium (DW) using two different feeding media. The cultures were fed a mixture of a 400 g/l concentrated lactose and a concentrated mussel processing waste (CMPW, 101.72 g glucose/l) medium (fermentation I) or a CMPW medium supplemented with glucose and KHPO up to concentrations of 400 g glucose/l and 3.

Enzymatic hydrolysis of brewer's spent grain to obtain fermentable sugars.

Lignocellulosic biomass is a feedstock with the potential to be converted into value-added bioproducts. The use of enzymatic hydrolysis allows the cleavage of lignocellulose into their monomeric units, but there are some drawbacks that make its use in industrial biocatalysis unfeasible. In the present study, we describe the hydrolysis of brewer's spent grain (BSG) with an enzymatic cocktail produced by Aspergillus niger CECT 2700 and its comparison with commercial enzymes.

Production of a highly concentrated probiotic culture of CECT 539 containing high amounts of nisin.

In this study, probiotic biomass and nisin productions by CECT 539 were followed in two realkalized fed-batch cultures in diluted whey (DW) supplemented with KHPO up to a total phosphorus concentration of 0.459 g/L. Increased biomass (5.

Simultaneous production of amylases and proteases by Bacillus subtilis in brewery wastes.

The simultaneous production of amylase (AA) and protease (PA) activity by Bacillus subtilis UO-01 in brewery wastes was studied by combining the response surface methodology with the kinetic study of the process. The optimum conditions (T=36.0°C and pH=6.

Nisin production in realkalized fed-batch cultures in whey with feeding with lactose- or glucose-containing substrates.

Nisin production by Lactococcus lactis CECT 539 was followed in batch cultures in whey supplemented with different concentrations of glucose and in two realkalized fed-batch fermentations in unsupplemented whey, which were fed, respectively, with concentrated solutions of lactose and glucose. In the batch fermentations, supplementation of whey with glucose inhibited both the growth and bacteriocin production. However, fed-batch cultures were characterized with high productions of biomass (1.

Lipases and esterases from extremophiles: overview and case example of the production and purification of an esterase from Thermus thermophilus HB27.

Extremophiles are organisms that have evolved to exist in a variety of extreme environments. They fall into a number of different classes that include thermophiles, halophiles, acidophiles, alkalophiles, psychrophiles, and barophiles (piezophiles). Extremophiles have the potential to produce uniquely valuable biocatalysts that function under conditions in which usually the enzymes of their nonextremophilic counterparts could not.

Modelling the biphasic growth and product formation by Enterococcus faecium CECT 410 in realkalized fed-batch fermentations in whey.

The influence of initial pH on growth and nutrient (total sugars, nitrogen, and phosphorous) consumption by Enterococcus faecium CECT 410 was studied during batch cultures in whey. With these data, two realkalized fed-batch fermentations were developed using different feeding substrates. The shift from homolactic to mixed acid fermentation, the biphasic kinetics observed for cell growth and nitrogen consumption and the increase in the concentrations of biomass and products (lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and butane-2,3-diol) were the most noteworthy observations of these cultures.

Production and characterization of distilled alcoholic beverages obtained by solid-state fermentation of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) and black currant (Ribes nigrum L.).

The present study was conducted to appraise the potential of black mulberry and black currant to be used as fermentation substrates for producing alcoholic beverages obtained by distillation of the fruits previously fermented with Sacchromyces cerevisiae IFI83. In the two distillates obtained, the volatile compounds that can pose health hazards are within the limits of acceptability fixed by the European Council (Regulation 110/2008) for fruit spirits. However, the amount of volatile substances in the black currant distillate (121.

Performance and intestinal coliform counts in weaned piglets fed a probiotic culture (Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei CECT 4043) or an antibiotic.

The production of biomass and antibacterial extracellular products by Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei CECT 4043 was followed in both batch and in realkalized fed-batch cultures. Enhanced concentrations of biomass and antibacterial extracellular products were obtained with the use of the latter fermentation technique in comparison with the batch mode.

Fed-batch pediocin production by Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-5627 on whey.

Cell growth and pediocin production by Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-5627 on whey were compared by using batch fermentation and re-alkalized fed-batch fermentation. The batch fermentations were performed on DWG [DW (diluted whey) supplemented with 1% (w/v) glucose], DWYE [DW supplemented with 2% (w/v) yeast extract] and DWGYE (DW supplemented with 1% glucose plus 2% yeast extract) media. The fed-batch culture on DWYE medium was fed with a mixture of concentrated whey (48 g of total sugars/l) supplemented with 2% yeast extract and 400 g/l concentrated glucose.

Enhancement of nisin production by Lactococcus lactis in periodically re-alkalized cultures.

Synthesis of nisin as well as biomass production by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CECT (Colección Española de Cultivos Tipo) 539 on both hydrolysed mussel-processing waste and whey medium were followed in three fixed volume fed-batch fermentations, with re-alkalization cycles. The two cultures on mussel-processing waste (MPW) were fed with a 240 g/l concentrated glucose and with a concentrated MPW (about 100 g of glucose/l).

Production of bacteriocins from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CECT 539 and Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-5627 using mussel-processing wastes.

The growth and bacteriocin production by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CECT 539 and Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-5627 were investigated on mussel-processing wastes. Both bacteriocin productions were satisfactorily modelled using a modified form of the Luedeking and Piret expression, which includes a term for the influence of the pH reduction rate.