Primate diversity in the early Miocene Pinturas Formation, southern Patagonia, Argentina.

We report ten new dental specimens of primates from the early Miocene Pinturas Formation, Patagonia, Argentina. The new material includes: a left lower canine and a left upper canine whose affinities remain to be determined; a mandibular fragment preserving part of the symphysis; and right p3-4, practically indistinguishable from Soriacebus adrianae; and a lower molar, probably m2, attributable to S. ameghinorum.

A parapithecid stem anthropoid of African origin in the Paleogene of South America.

Phylogenetic evidence suggests that platyrrhine (or New World) monkeys and caviomorph rodents of the Western Hemisphere derive from source groups from the Eocene of Afro-Arabia, a landmass that was ~1500 to 2000 kilometers east of South America during the late Paleogene. Here, we report evidence for a third mammalian lineage of African origin in the Paleogene of South America-a newly discovered genus and species of parapithecid anthropoid primate from Santa Rosa in Amazonian Perú. Bayesian clock-based phylogenetic analysis nests this genus () deep within the otherwise Afro-Arabian clade Parapithecoidea and indicates that transatlantic rafting of the lineage leading to likely took place between ~35 and ~32 million years ago, a dispersal window that includes the major worldwide drop in sea level that occurred near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary.

New primate locality from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina.

Objectives: The purpose of this work is to present a new primate locality with evidence that increases the knowledge on the radiation of the extinct platyrrhine primates.

Materials And Methods: We studied the new specimen and compared it to specimens identified as Mazzonicebus almendrae.

Results: The new first and second molars were comparable to Mazzonicebus almendrae in all morphological details, allowing us to allocate the new specimen to M.

Divergence Times and the Evolutionary Radiation of New World Monkeys (Platyrrhini, Primates): An Analysis of Fossil and Molecular Data.

The estimation of phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among a group of organisms is a fundamental first step toward understanding its biological diversification. The time of the most recent or last common ancestor (LCA) of extant platyrrhines is one of the most controversial among scholars of primate evolution. Here we use two molecular based approaches to date the initial divergence of the platyrrhine clade, Bayesian estimations under a relaxed-clock model and substitution rate plus generation time and body size, employing the fossil record and genome datasets.