In the Setting of Heightened Economic and Workforce Issues, What Are Third-Year (PGY-4) Ophthalmology Residents' Perspectives of Pediatric Ophthalmology?

Purpose: To investigate the factors influencing residents' choice to pursue a pediatric ophthalmology fellowship.

Methods: A nine-question survey was distributed to third-year (PGY-4) ophthalmology residents of United States-based Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education residency training programs in ophthalmology.

Results: One hundred two of 502 residents completed the survey.

Uganda's experience in establishing an electronic compendium for public health emergencies.

Uganda has implemented several interventions that have contributed to prevention, early detection, and effective response to Public Health Emergencies (PHEs). However, there are gaps in collecting and documenting data on the overall response to these PHEs. We set out to establish a comprehensive electronic database of PHEs that occurred in Uganda since 2000.

Unmasking legislative constraints: An institutional ethnography of linkage and engagement in HIV healthcare for African, Caribbean, and Black people in Ontario, Canada.

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic significantly impacts African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) immigrants in Canada. Health scholarship has revealed striking injustices within Canada's public healthcare system that restrict access to healthcare and violate the human rights of ACB immigrants living with HIV who are marginalized. We conducted an institutional ethnography to comprehensively understand how HIV healthcare in Ontario is organized and experienced by ACB immigrants, focusing on unjust and discriminatory legislative frameworks and institutional practices regulating access to publicly funded healthcare resources and services.

Functional Recovery, Symptoms, and Quality of Life 1 to 5 Years After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Importance: Many level I trauma center patients experience clinical sequelae at 1 year following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Longer-term outcome data are needed to develop better monitoring and rehabilitation services.

Objective: To examine functional recovery, TBI-related symptoms, and quality of life from 1 to 5 years postinjury.

Effect of Auditory Distractors on Speech Recognition and Listening Effort.

Objectives: Everyday listening environments are filled with competing noise and distractors. Although significant research has examined the effect of competing noise on speech recognition and listening effort, little is understood about the effect of distraction. The framework for understanding effortful listening recognizes the importance of attention-related processes in speech recognition and listening effort; however, it underspecifies the role that they play, particularly with respect to distraction.

Parenting measurement, normativeness, and associations with child outcomes: Comparing evidence from four non-Western cultures.

This study compared parenting across four non-Western cultures to test cross-cultural commonality and specificity principles in three aspects: measurement properties, parenting normativeness, and their associations with child outcomes. Both mothers and fathers (N = 1509 dyads) with preschool-aged children (M = 5.00 years; 48% girls) from urban areas of four countries (Malaysia, N = 372; China, N = 441; Turkey, N = 402; and Japan, N = 294) reported on four parenting constructs (authoritative, authoritarian, group harmony socialization, and intrusive control) and their sub-dimensions using modified culturally relevant measures.

The impact of an emergency department peer navigator (EDPN) program in improving clinical outcomes and healthcare utilization in an urban setting.

Introduction: Emergency Department Peer Navigator Programs (EDPN) have been shown to increase the prescribing of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and improve linkage to addiction care. However, what is not known is whether it can improve overall clinical outcomes and healthcare utilization in patients with OUD.

Methods: This is a single-center, IRB approved, retrospective cohort study using patients with OUD enrolled in our peer navigator program from 11/7/19 to 2/16/21.

The Effects of Rest on Concussion Symptom Resolution and Recovery Time: A Meta-analytic Review and Subgroup Analysis of 4329 Patients.

Background: Numerous individual studies suggest that rest may have a negative effect on outcomes following concussion.

Purpose: To perform a systematic meta-analysis of the effects of prescribed rest compared with active interventions after concussion.

Study Design: Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy among Persons Living with HIV, Uganda, 2016-2022.

During October 2016-March 2022, Uganda increased tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy coverage among persons living with HIV from 0.6% to 88.8%.

Structural violence and the uncertainty of viral undetectability for African, Caribbean and Black people living with HIV in Canada: an institutional ethnography.

Biomedical advances in healthcare and antiretroviral treatment or therapy (ART) have transformed HIV/AIDS from a death sentence to a manageable chronic disease. Studies demonstrate that people living with HIV who adhere to antiretroviral therapy can achieve viral suppression or undetectability, which is fundamental for optimizing health outcomes, decreasing HIV-related mortality and morbidity, and preventing HIV transmission. African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) communities in Canada remain structurally disadvantaged and bear a disproportionate burden of HIV despite biomedical advancements in HIV treatment and prevention.

Development and evaluation of the Acromegaly Symptom Diary.

Background: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are important to consider when evaluating treatments, yet there are no PRO measures for patients with acromegaly that have been developed in accordance with US Food and Drug Administration guidance. Acromegaly is a rare, chronic condition caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone. Disease activity is monitored by measurement in serum of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I.

Investigating the impact of stigma, accessibility and confidentiality on STI/STD/HIV self-testing among college students in the USA: protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: In 2019, there were 2.5 million reported cases of chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported in the USA, young people aged 15-24 made up 61% and 42% of chlamydia and gonorrhoea cases, respectively.

Online interviews for qualitative health research in Africa: a scoping review.

Online interviews can be powerful tools in global health research. In this article, we review the literature on the use of and challenges associated with online interviews in health research in Africa and make recommendations for future online qualitative studies. The scoping review methodology was used.

Workplace Mistreatment, Career Choice Regret, and Burnout in Emergency Medicine Residency Training in the United States.

Study Objective: The influence of workplace mistreatment on the well-being and career satisfaction of emergency medicine residents is unknown. This study examined the relationships between burnout, career choice regret, and workplace mistreatment in a national sample of emergency medicine residents.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a survey study on the prevalence of workplace mistreatment among emergency residents.

Real-world uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among individuals expressing vaccine hesitancy: A registry-linkage study.

Introduction: Uptake of COVID-19 vaccination remains suboptimal in the United States and other settings. Though early reports indicated that a strong majority of people were interested in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, the association between vaccine intention and uptake is not yet fully understood. Ourobjective was todescribe predictors of vaccine uptake, and estimate the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of self-reported COVID-19 vaccine status compared to a comprehensive statewide COVID-19 vaccine registry.

Trends in amphetamine prescriptions given at discharge in emergency departments: A national analysis (2012-2019).

Objectives: In parallel with the opioid epidemic, there has been a resurgence in abuse, medical complications, and deaths related to amphetamines. The opioid epidemic began with increasing rates of prescription products that evolved overtime to include heroin and more recently, fentanyl analogues. Current trends in amphetamine prescriptions are less well described.

Lack of Cyclin E1 in hepatocytes aggravates ethanol-induced liver injury and hepatic steatosis in experimental murine model of acute and chronic alcohol-associated liver disease.

Background: Cyclin E1 is the regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) and one of the central players in cell cycle progression. We recently showed its crucial role for initiation of liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the role of Cyclin E1 in the development of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD).

Autonomy-supportive sexual health communication and sexual health behaviors for black and Latino MSM in the House Ball Community: Protocol for a social network analysis and exploratory structural equation model.

Background: Black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) have the highest risk of HIV of any group in the U.S. Prevalence could be even higher among Black and Latino MSM belonging to the House Ball Community (HBC), an understudied community comprised primarily of Black and Latino sexual and gender minorities, with HIV prevalence from non-probability samples ranging from 4% to 38%.

Relationship Between Neighborhood Disadvantage and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Symptoms.

Objective: To test the hypotheses that (1) higher neighborhood disadvantage is associated with greater injury-related symptom severity in civilians with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and (2) neighborhood disadvantage remains predictive after controlling for other established predictors.

Setting: Level 1 trauma center and affiliated academic medical center.

Participants: N = 171 individuals with mTBI.

A Moving Target: Impacts of Lowering Viral Load Suppression Cutpoints on Progress Towards HIV Epidemic Control Goals.

Redefining viral load suppression (VLS) using lower cutpoints could impact progress towards the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. We assessed impacts of lowering the VLS cutpoint on achieving the 95-95-95 VLS target in the Rakai Community Cohort Study. Population VLS fell from 86% to 84% and 76%, respectively, after lowering VLS cutpoints from <1,000 to <200 and <50 copies/mL.

Scale-Up of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy and Estimation of Averted Infections and HIV-Related Deaths - Uganda, 2004-2022.

On January 28, 2003, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the largest commitment by any nation to address a single disease in history, was announced.

Salivary Cortisol Dynamics After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To assess mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)-related alterations in baseline (resting) salivary cortisol and cortisol reactivity to cognitive and exercise stressors, which are frequently encountered during mTBI rehabilitation and recovery.

Setting: Persons with mTBI were recruited from a level 1 trauma center emergency department. Uninjured controls (UCs) were recruited from the community.