Snakebites by venomous snakes in Brazilian serpentaria and zoos over a 10-year period (2012-2021).

Despite the wide range of institutions that maintain venomous snakes in captivity in Brazil there are no comprehensive data on the occurrence of snakebites and envenomations in these places. We examined the range of native and exotic species of venomous snakes kept by Brazilian zoos and serpentaria (scientific and commercial) and assessed the frequency of snakebites in workers handling these snakes during a 10-year period (2012-2021). Twenty-two (73.

Comparing morphological and secretory aspects of cephalic glands among the New World coral snakes brings novel insights on their biological roles.

Oral and other cephalic glands have been surveyed by several studies with distinct purposes. Despite the wide diversity and medical relevance of the New World coral snakes, studies focusing on understanding the biological roles of the glands within this group are still scarce. Specifically, the venom glands of some coral snakes were previously investigated but all other cephalic glands remain uncharacterized.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the aquatic coralsnake (Reptilia, Serpentes, Elapidae).

In this study, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Aquatic Coralsnake . The mitochondrial genome lengthis 17,375 bp, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA (12S and 16S) and 22 tRNA, as well as two typical control regions. Phylogenetic analysis based upon 13 protein-coding genes showed clusters based on terrestrial and marine species.

Reducing Wallacean shortfalls for the coralsnakes of the Micrurus lemniscatus species complex: Present and future distributions under a changing climate.

South American coralsnakes are characterized by inconspicuous and poorly known species, which are potentially very sensitive to climate change. Here, we assess the impact of future climate change on the distributions of the Micrurus lemniscatus species complex after addressing the Wallacean shortfalls and refining the knowledge about their current geographic distributions. We also evaluate the efficiency of the current reserve network to protect the species in the present and future.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN BETWEEN THE LICHTENSTEIN AND LAPAROSCOPY SURGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE TREATMENT OF UNILATERAL PRIMARY INGUINAL HERNIA.

Background: There are several surgical treatment options for inguinal hernia; however, there is no consensus on the literature identifying which surgical technique promotes less postoperative pain.

Aim: To compare the intensity of postoperative pain between the surgical techniques Lichtenstein and transabdominal pre-peritoneal laparoscopy for the treatment of unilateral primary inguinal hernia.

Methods: Were included 60 patients, of which 30 were operated through the Lichtenstein technique and 30 patients through the transabdominal pre-peritoneal laparoscopy.

Coralsnake Venomics: Analyses of Venom Gland Transcriptomes and Proteomes of Six Brazilian Taxa.

Venom gland transcriptomes and proteomes of six taxa (, , , , , and ) were investigated, providing the most comprehensive, quantitative data on venom composition to date, and more than tripling the number of venom protein sequences previously available. The six venomes differ dramatically. All are dominated by 2-6 toxin classes that account for 91-99% of the toxin transcripts.

A Severe Accident Caused by an Ocellate River Stingray (Potamotrygon motoro) in Central Brazil: How Well Do We Really Understand Stingray Venom Chemistry, Envenomation, and Therapeutics?

Freshwater stingrays cause many serious human injuries, but identification of the offending species is uncommon. The present case involved a large freshwater stingray, Potamotrygon motoro (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae), in the Araguaia River in Tocantins, Brazil. Appropriate first aid was administered within ~15 min, except that an ice pack was applied.

A new species of triadal coral snake of the genus Micrurus Wagler, 1824 (Serpentes: Elapidae) from northeastern Brazil.

The genus Micrurus comprises 123 currently recognized taxa (species and subspecies) that are traditionally arranged in four species groups diagnosable mainly by color pattern characteristics. Here, we describe a new species of triadal coral snake from northeastern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from other sympatric triadal congeners (M.

Redescription of Phalotris labiomaculatus (Serpentes, Dipsadidae, Elapomorphini), with notes on the taxonomic boundaries within the nasutus group.

Phalotris labiomaculatus Lema, 2002 was described based on a single specimen from Porto Franco, south of the Brazilian state of Maranhão, being rediscovered three years later in Mateiros, a municipality in the north of the state of Tocantins, attesting to its occurrence in the cerrado of both banks of the Tocantins River. The discovery of 28 new specimens from other localities during field expeditions (2009-2011) allowed a redescription of the species, adding new data on meristic and morpho-qualitative traits. These results enable a better diagnosis of intraspecific, ontogenetic and sexual variation, consolidating its taxonomic relationships with other species belonging to the nasutus group.

A complete skull of an early cretaceous sauropod and the evolution of advanced titanosaurians.

Advanced titanosaurian sauropods, such as nemegtosaurids and saltasaurids, were diverse and one of the most important groups of herbivores in the terrestrial biotas of the Late Cretaceous. However, little is known about their rise and diversification prior to the Late Cretaceous. Furthermore, the evolution of their highly-modified skull anatomy has been largely hindered by the scarcity of well-preserved cranial remains.

A geographical genetics framework for inferring homing reproductive behavior in fishes.

One of the most intriguing patterns of migration and gene flow that affects genetic structure is the reproductive homing behavior of fishes, wherein the adults return to the areas in which they were spawned. Here we reviewed the literature on homing behavior in fish and propose an analytical framework for testing hypotheses regarding this behavior and its effects on the genetic structure of fish in an explicit geographical context, using a geographical genetics toolbox. Although disentangling the many potential causes underlying genetic population structure and unambiguously demonstrating that the homing behavior causes these genetic patterns is difficult, our framework allows the successive testing of homing behavior with increasing levels of complexity based on the following: (1) establishment of population structures among waterheads; (2) patterns of genetic variability throughout the adult migratory pool; (3) analyses of the non-migratory adult pool; and (4) comparisons among successive generations.

A hyaluronidase from Potamotrygon motoro (freshwater stingrays) venom: isolation and characterization.

Freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygon motoro) are known to cause human accidents through a sting located in its tail. In the State of Goiás, this accident happens especially during the fishing season of the Araguaia River. The P.

A novel peptide from the ACEI/BPP-CNP precursor in the venom of Crotalus durissus collilineatus.

In crotaline venoms, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEIs, also known as bradykinin potentiating peptides (BPPs)], are products of a gene coding for an ACEI/BPP-C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) precursor. In the genes from Bothrops jararaca and Gloydius blomhoffii, ACEI/BPP sequences are repeated. Sequencing of a cDNA clone from venom glands of Crotalus durissus collilineatus showed that two ACEIs/BPPs are located together at the N-terminus, but without repeats.