The Prevalence of Physical Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: A Systematic Review With Implications for Probable Violence-Caused Brain Injury Among Child Bearers.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) persists as a cause of short-term, long-term, and chronic health consequences. The elevated risk of IPV during pregnancy and the postpartum period (P-IPV) is commonly attributed to increased demands for child bearers and intimate partners. P-IPV may impact the health of the child bearer, developing fetus, and post-birth child.