Cell-free and cell-based antidiabetic effects and chemical characterization of rice bran from Thai cultivars.

Rice bran is a valuable by-product of rice milling, prized for its nutritional value and health benefits. This study investigates the antidiabetic properties of rice bran from fifteen commercially available Thai rice cultivars (six brown, four red and five purple). Bran samples were initially screened on their antioxidant potential and ability to inhibit α-glucosidase, as well as on γ-oryzanol levels, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents.

Mexican calea (Calea zacatechichi Schltdl.) interferes with cholinergic and dopaminergic pathways and causes neuroglial toxicity.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The use of "Mexican calea" (Calea zacatechichi Schltdl.) in ritualistic ceremonies, due to its dream-inducing effects, was until recently limited to indigenous communities in Mexico. However, the plant has recently gained popularity in Western societies being commonly used in recreational settings.

Drugs targeting SHIP2 demonstrate potent antiproliferative effects irrespective of SHIP2 inhibition.

The SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase SHIP2 plays a crucial role in negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Putative small molecule inhibitors of SHIP2, AS1949490 and K149 have been reported to elicit a range of beneficial effects in treating or preventing obesity as well as killing cancer cells. However, whether these effects are direct results of SHIP2 inhibition has not been carefully assessed, e.

Marine-Derived Leads as Anticancer Candidates by Disrupting Hypoxic Signaling through Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Inhibition.

The inadequate vascularization seen in fast-growing solid tumors gives rise to hypoxic areas, fostering specific changes in gene expression that bolster tumor cell survival and metastasis, ultimately leading to unfavorable clinical prognoses across different cancer types. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1 and HIF-2) emerge as druggable pivotal players orchestrating tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, thus positioning them as prime targets for cancer treatment. A range of HIF inhibitors, notably natural compounds originating from marine organisms, exhibit encouraging anticancer properties, underscoring their significance as promising therapeutic options.

An integrated approach on the enzymatic and antioxidant mechanisms of four commercially available essential oils ( and ) traditionally used topically for their anti-inflammatory effects.

Despite the increasing number of essential oils being reported on their potential therapeutic effects, some remain relatively unknown on their biological properties. That is the case of the essential oils obtained from copaiba ( L.), wintergreen ( Wall.

Antifungal Activity of : From the Chemical Composition to the Mitochondrial Toxic Effects and Tyrosinase Inhibition.

Pest resistance against fungicides is a widespread and increasing problem, with impact on crop production and public health, making the development of new fungicides an urgent need. Chemical analyses of a crude methanol extract (CME) of leaves revealed the presence of sugars, phospholipids, phytosterols, guieranone A, porphyrin-containing compounds, and phenolics. To connect chemical composition with biological effects, solid-phase extraction was used to discard water-soluble compounds with low affinity for the C18 matrix and obtain an ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) that concentrates guieranone A and chlorophylls, and a methanol fraction (MF) dominated by phenolics.

Anti-inflammatory effects of naringenin 8-sulphonate from Parinari excelsa Sabine stem bark and its semi-synthetic derivatives.

The inflammatory response is a vital mechanism for repairing damage induced by aberrant health states or external insults; however, persistent activation can be linked to numerous chronic diseases. The nuclear factor kappa β (NF-κB) inflammatory pathway and its associated mediators have emerged as critical targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating inflammation, necessitating ongoing drug development. Previous studies have reported the inhibitory effect of a hydroethanol extract derived from Parinari excelsa Sabine (Chrysobalanaceae) on tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), but the phytoconstituents and mechanisms of action remained elusive.

Intracranial Subdural Hygroma: A Rare Complication of Failed Neuraxial Anesthesia?

The unintentional puncture of the dura during epidural procedures is a noteworthy and prevalent complication in obstetric patients. Early recognition can be difficult, particularly when attempts at neuraxial anesthesia are unsuccessful. Rare intracranial complications, such as subdural hematomas and subdural hygromas, can occur after dural puncture and they should be suspected in the presence of atypical headaches or other neurological symptoms.

Stem Bark Extract Modulates the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway in Human Stomach Cancer Cells.

The present work aimed to detail the mechanisms elicited by P. Beauv. stem bark extract in human stomach cancer cells and to identify the bioactives underlying the cytotoxicity.

HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and UHPLC-ESI/QTOF/MS characterization of polyphenols in the leaves of Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance ex F. White and cytotoxicity to gastric carcinoma cells.

Among several extracts from species from Guinea-Bissauan flora, the hydroethanol extract obtained from the leaves of gingerbread plum (Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance ex F. White.) revealed to be one of the most cytotoxic towards human gastric AGS carcinoma cells.

Usability of a telehealth solution based on TV interaction for the elderly: the VITASENIOR-MT case study.

Remote monitoring of biometric data in the elderly population is an important asset for improving the quality of life and level of independence of elderly people living alone. However, the design and implementation of health technological solutions often disregard the elderly physiological and psychological abilities, leading to low adoption of these technologies. We evaluate the usability of a remote patient monitoring solution, VITASENIOR-MT, which is based on the interaction with a television set.

Biosynthetic versatility of marine-derived fungi on the delivery of novel antibacterial agents against priority pathogens.

Despite the increasing number of novel marine natural products being reported from fungi in the last three decades, to date only the broad-spectrum cephalosporin C can be tracked back as marine fungal-derived drug. Cephalosporins were isolated in the early 1940s from a strain of Acremonium chrysogenum obtained in a sample collected in sewage water in the Sardinian coast, preliminary findings allowing the discovery of cephalosporin C. Since then, bioprospection of marine fungi has been enabling the identification of several metabolites with antibacterial effects, many of which proving to be active against multi-drug resistant strains, available data suggesting also that some might fuel the pharmaceutical firepower towards some of the bacterial pathogens classified as a priority by the World Health Organization.

Activation of caspase-3 in gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells by Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. fruit and characterization of its phenolic fingerprint by HPLC-DAD-ESI(Ion Trap)-MS and UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS.

While the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. are important in African countries as a local trade product, their composition remains scarcely investigated.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Salvinorin A and : Clinical and Forensic Aspects.

Epling and Játiva is a perennial mint from the Lamiaceae family, endemic to Mexico, predominantly from the state of Oaxaca. Due to its psychoactive properties, had been used for centuries by Mazatecans for divinatory, religious, and medicinal purposes. In recent years, its use for recreational purposes, especially among adolescents and young adults, has progressively increased.

Cassia sieberiana DC. leaves modulate LPS-induced inflammatory response in THP-1 cells and inhibit eicosanoid-metabolizing enzymes.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: According to ethnobotanical surveys, Cassia sieberiana DC. (1825) is a particularly reputed species in African folk Medicine, namely due to the application of its leaves and roots for the treatment of diseases and symptomatology that appear to be related with an inflammatory background. In contrast with the roots of the plant, the leaves remain to be investigated, which prompted us to further detail mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory properties, by using in vitro models of disease.

Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of Ayahuasca Alkaloids ,-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), Harmine, Harmaline and Tetrahydroharmine: Clinical and Forensic Impact.

Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic botanical beverage originally used by indigenous Amazonian tribes in religious ceremonies and therapeutic practices. While ethnobotanical surveys still indicate its spiritual and medicinal uses, consumption of ayahuasca has been progressively related with a recreational purpose, particularly in Western societies. The ayahuasca aqueous concoction is typically prepared from the leaves of the ,-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)-containing , and the stem and bark of , the plant source of harmala alkaloids.

Valorisation of kitul, an overlooked food plant: Phenolic profiling of fruits and inflorescences and assessment of their effects on diabetes-related targets.

Caryota urens L. has long been valued as a traditional food, the edible fruits being eaten raw and the inflorescences commonly used on sweet sap and flour production. In the current work, the phenolic profile of methanol extracts obtained from the inflorescences and fruits was unveiled for the first time, nine caffeic acid derivatives being identified and quantified.

Medicinal plants utilized in Thai Traditional Medicine for diabetes treatment: Ethnobotanical surveys, scientific evidence and phytochemicals.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Diabetes mellitus remains the most lethal metabolic disease of contemporaneous times and despite the therapeutic arsenal currently available, research on new antidiabetic agents remains a priority. In recent years, the revitalization of Thai Traditional Medicine (TTM) became a clear priority for the Thai government, and many efforts have been undertaken to accelerate research on herbal medicines and their use in medical services in various hospitals. Additionally, and particularly in rural areas, treatment of diabetes and associated symptomatology frequently relies on herbal preparations recommended by practitioners of TTM.

Comparative Insight upon Chitosan Solution and Chitosan Nanoparticles Application on the Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Individual Grape Components of Sousão Variety.

Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide, has been previously proposed as an elicitor in plants to prevent pathogen infections. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of chitosan solution and chitosan nanoparticles treatment applied on the grapevine variety Sousão with respect to the phenolic composition, antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity of its individual grape components. Grapevine plants of selected lines were sprayed with chitosan solution and chitosan nanoparticles, and ethanolic extracts of stems, seeds and skins were prepared from grapevines treated and not treated with chitosan.

Anti-inflammatory properties of Xylopia aethiopica leaves: Interference with pro-inflammatory cytokines in THP-1-derived macrophages and flavonoid profiling.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ethnopharmacological surveys on Guinea-Bissauan flora reveal that several species are used to treat or ameliorate the symptomatology of conditions with an inflammatory background. As such, extracts obtained from a series of plants recorded in those surveys were screened for their anti-inflammatory properties, a hydroethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich, (Annonaceae), used on the treatment of headache, muscular pain and rheumatic pain, scoring positively and being further investigated.

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017.

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2-to end preventable child deaths by 2030-we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends.