Exclusive breast-feeding is associated with reduced pacifier sucking in children: Breast-feeding and pacifier-sucking habit.

Background: Studies suggest that when children do not achieve the emotional satiety and adequate stimulus provided by breast-feeding, they exhibit sucking behaviors. This study aimed to estimate the association from 4 through 6 months of exclusive breast-feeding (EB) postpartum and pacifier-sucking behavior at 12 months of life.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted with 1,037 infants, born alive and monitored up to 12 months.

Intentional homicide, drug trafficking and social indicators in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

To study the association between intentional homicide, drug trafficking and social indicators in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil in 2010. This is an ecological study, based on cases of intentional homicides and drug trafficking registered by the Civil Police of Bahia, as well as social indicators. A negative binomial regression model, utilizing R software (version 2.

Intersectionality of Race, Gender, and Common Mental Disorders in Northeastern Brazil.

This study applies the perspective of intersectionality, defined as social identities combining with one another and with structural societal factors to produce health inequities, to assess the interaction between race, gender, and common mental disorders (CMD) in northeastern Brazil. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire was used to assess CMD among a representative sample of adults in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil (N=3273). Four groups (Black men, Black women, White women, White men) represented the intersection of race and gender.

Bridging thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair for a late rupture following aortic coarctation angioplasty.

Unlabelled: Introduction Thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair has been employed to treat late complications after aortic coarctation correction. However, its use in children has seldomly been reported. Case report We present the case of a 15-year-old child who presented with a ruptured aneurysm of the descending aorta complicated later by an aortic-oesophageal fistula following aortic coarctation stenting that was managed with multiple bridging endovascular interventions until a definitive repair was performed.

Factors associated with cesarean delivery in public and private hospitals in a city of northeastern Brazil: a cross-sectional study.

Background: To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with cesarean delivery according to whether care was provided in public or private hospitals in Brazil.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on a cohort of live births between April 2004 and March 2005. A total of 1,344 mother-child pairs were followed up during the first month of life.

Maternal obesity, environmental factors, cesarean delivery and breastfeeding as determinants of overweight and obesity in children: results from a cohort.

Background: Overweight and obesity are a public health problem with a multifactorial aetiology. The objective of this study was to evaluate risk factors for overweight and obesity in children at 6 years of age, including type of delivery and breastfeeding.

Methods: This study relates to a cohort of 672 mother-baby pairs who have been followed from birth up to 6 years of age.

Clinical outcome and morphologic determinants of mural thrombus in abdominal aortic endografts.

Objective: Endograft mural thrombus has been associated with stent graft or limb thrombosis after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). This study aimed to identify clinical and morphologic determinants of endograft mural thrombus accumulation and its influence on thromboembolic events after EVAR.

Methods: A prospectively maintained database of patients treated by EVAR at a tertiary institution from 2000 to 2012 was analyzed.

Trends in breastfeeding indicators in a city of northeastern Brazil.

Objective: To investigate trends in breastfeeding indicators in the city of Feira de Santana, Brazil, and to identify population characteristics that might have influenced this trend.

Methods: Three methodologically comparable cross-sectional surveys performed in 1996, 2001, and 2009 were analyzed. These involved 2,159, 2,319, and 1,471 children younger than 1 year of age who were vaccinated in national multivaccination campaigns in the respective years.

Duration of exclusive breastfeeding in a Brazilian population: new determinants in a cohort study.

Background: Determinants of the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) differ in effect and magnitude across populations. The present study aimed to identify factors associated with discontinuation of EBF in a municipality in northeastern Brazil, including variables that have received little or no attention in previous literature.

Methods: This cohort study involved 1,344 mother-child pairs selected from maternity hospitals in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.

Occupational accidents among mototaxi drivers.

The use of motorcycles as a means of work has contributed to the increase in traffic accidents, in particular, mototaxi accidents. The aim of this study was to estimate and characterize the incidence of occupational accidents among the mototaxis registered in Feira de Santana, BA. This is a cross-sectional study with descriptive and census data.

[Psychosocial work-related factors and musculoskeletal pain among schoolteachers].

This study aimed to investigate the association between work-related psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal pain (MP) among primary schoolteachers in the public school system in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. A cross-sectional epidemiological study included all 4,496 teachers from the system. A self-applied mail questionnaire was used to collect information on complaints of musculoskeletal pain in the upper limbs, lower limbs, and back (dependent variables), demand-control model quadrants (independent variables), and covariables.

[Neuropsychomotor development: the Denver scale for screening cognitive and neuromotor delays in preschoolers].

This study investigated the prevalence of abnormal neuropsychomotor developmental performance and associated factors in children enrolled in the public preschool system in Feira de Santana, Bahia State, Brazil, 2009 (N = 438). This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study with random sampling of schools and children. The study analyzed associated factors with a questionnaire applied to mothers and the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) II in the preschool children.

Structural equation modeling in epidemiology.

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is an important statistical tool for evaluating complex relations in several research areas. In epidemiology, the use and discussion of SEM have been limited thus far. This article presents basic principles and concepts in SEM, including an application using epidemiological data analysis from a study on the determinants of cognitive development in young children, considering constructs related to organization of the child's home environment, parenting style, and the child's health status.

Spatial distribution of mortality by homicide and social inequalities according to race/skin color in an intra-urban Brazilian space.

Introduction: In Brazil, deaths by external causes rank first in the mortality statistics. Nevertheless, studies which investigate the relationship between mortality by external causes and race/skin color are scarce.

Objectives: To evaluate the relative contribution of race/skin color to the spatial distribution of mortality by homicide in Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil, in the period 1998 - 2003.

Factors predicting early discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding in the first month of life.

Objective: To investigate factors associated with discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding in the first month of lactation, in the city of Feira de Santana, Brazil.

Methods: Cohort study with follow-up of 1,309 mother-child pairs selected from all maternities in the municipality. Data were collected in hospital and in home visits during the first month of life.

Race/skin color differentials in potential years of life lost due to external causes.

Objective: Deaths by external causes represent one of the most important challenges for public health and are the second cause of death in Brazil. The aim of this study was to analyze differentials in mortality by external causes according to race/skin color.

Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in Salvador, Northeastern Brazil, using 9,626 cases of deaths by external causes between 1998 and 2003.

[Factor structure and internal consistency of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) in an urban population].

This study focused on the psychometric properties of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) among workers, evaluating internal consistency criteria for the components scales and construct validity. Evaluation of the SRQ-20 performance used data from a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of workers from Feira de Santana, Bahia State, Brazil. The construct validity was estimated by means of an exploratory factor analysis of tetrachoric correlations and multiple correspondence analysis.

Estimating adjusted prevalence ratio in clustered cross-sectional epidemiological data.

Background: Many epidemiologic studies report the odds ratio as a measure of association for cross-sectional studies with common outcomes. In such cases, the prevalence ratios may not be inferred from the estimated odds ratios. This paper overviews the most commonly used procedures to obtain adjusted prevalence ratios and extends the discussion to the analysis of clustered cross-sectional studies.

Impact of the family health program on infant mortality in Brazilian municipalities.

Objectives: We evaluated the effects of the Family Health Program (FHP), a strategy for reorganization of primary health care at a nationwide level in Brazil, on infant mortality at a municipality level.

Methods: We collected data on FHP coverage and infant mortality rates for 771 of 5561 Brazilian municipalities from 1996 to 2004. We performed a multivariable regression analysis for panel data with a negative binomial response by using fixed-effects models that controlled for demographic, social, and economic variables.

C-reactive protein and metabolic syndrome in youth: a strong relationship?

Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is on the rise in youth. As high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is associated with cardiovascular/metabolic disorders, we evaluated the association between MS and its components and hs-CRP in a sample of Brazilian overweight and obese youth.

Methods And Procedures: A total of 407 students (229 girls, 273 with excessive weight, 11.

[The Brazilian Workers' Food Program and its impact on weight gain and overweight].

Objective: To evaluate the impact of worker food programs on weight gain and overweight.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study carried out in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, between 1995 and 2000. All 10,368 workers from manufacturing and construction industries enrolled in the Brazilian Industry Social Service workers' health program were included in the study.

The association between postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontal disease.

Background: The clinical importance of systemic bone loss as a contributory factor to alveolar bone loss and the subsequent loss of teeth merits further study, given that osteoporosis and periodontal disease lead to significantly increased morbidity and mortality and higher public expenditure of funds. This case-control study evaluated the association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease.

Methods: The sample consisted of 139 postmenopausal women: 48 in the case group (with periodontal disease) and 91 in the control group (without periodontal disease).

Rubbish index and diarrhoea in Salvador, Brazil.

Urban solid waste (USW) is a public health problem worldwide that has not yet been completely evaluated in relation to childhood health. The main purpose of this study was to investigate associations between diarrhoea and exposure to USW among preschool children. A longitudinal study was carried out with 922 under-threes living in Salvador, Bahia, between 2000 and 2001.

[Determinants of linear growth retardation in Brazilian preschool children: a multilevel approach].

This study focuses on the determinants of linear growth deficit in under-five children using multilevel modeling. The sample included 3,746 preschoolers from 15 Brazilian municipalities (ten from the State of Bahia and five from São Paulo), with a three-tier analysis (municipalities, households, and children). Municipal data were obtained from the 1991 National Census.