Nanoemulsions Based on Soluble Chenopodin/Alginate Complex for Colonic Delivery of Quercetin.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by uncontrolled immune activation and the subsequent destruction of the colon tissue. Quercetin (Qt) is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent proposed as an alternative to mitigate IBD. However, its use is limited by its low oral bioavailability.

Nanoencapsulation of Maqui () Extract in Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate and Chenopodin-Based Systems.

Maqui berries contain a high percentage of anthocyanins with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity but that are unstable in the colonic site. Nanocarriers based on polysaccharides and/or proteins can protect against the degradation of anthocyanins. The aim of this study was the nanoencapsulation of maqui extract (ME) in chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CTPP-ME), chenopodin (CH-ME), and chenopodin-alginate (CHA-ME).

β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges Inclusion Compounds Associated with Silver Nanoparticles to Increase the Antimicrobial Activity of Quercetin.

This work aimed to synthesize and characterize a nanocarrier that consisted of a ternary system, namely β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponge (NS) inclusion compounds (ICs) associated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to increase the antimicrobial activity of quercetin (QRC). The nanosystem was developed to overcome the therapeutical limitations of QRC. The host-guest interaction between NSs and QRC was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR).

Improving Lurasidone Hydrochloride's Solubility and Stability by Higher-Order Complex Formation with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin.

The biopharmaceutical classification system groups low-solubility drugs into two groups: II and IV, with high and low permeability, respectively. Most of the new drugs developed for common pathologies present solubility issues. This is the case of lurasidone hydrochloride-a drug used for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar depression.

A Modeled High-Density Fed-Batch Culture Improves Biomass Growth and β-Glucans Accumulation in .

Algae and microalgae are used as a source of different biomolecules, such as lipids and carbohydrates. Among carbohydrates, polysaccharides, such as β-glucans, are important for their application as antioxidants, antisepsis, and immunomodulators. In the present work, the β-glucans production potential of was assessed using two different culture conditions: a high-density batch and a modeled high-density fed-batch.

Chemical Analysis and Bioactivity of Essential Oil of and Safrole Derivatives against Oomycete Fish Pathogens.

In this study, the essential oil (EO) from was analyzed by GC/MS and safrole () was identified as the major metabolite , was subjected to direct reactions on the oxygenated groups in the aromatic ring and in the side chain, and eight compounds ( to ) were obtained by the process. EO and compounds - were subjected to biological assays on 24 strains of the genus , specifically of the species 12   and 12  . EO showed a significant effect against strains.

In Vitro Antifungal Activity and Toxicity of Dihydrocarvone-Hybrid Derivatives against .

The aim of this study was to synthesize a series of novel and known dihydrocarvone-hybrid derivatives (-) and to evaluate mycelial growth activity of hybrid molecules against two strains of , as well as their toxicity. Dihydrocarvone-hybrid derivatives have been synthesized under sonication conditions and characterized by FTIR, NMR, and HRMS. Antifungal efficacy against both strains of was determined by half maximal effective concentration (EC) and toxicity using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT).

Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Applications.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been imposed as an excellent antimicrobial agent being able to combat bacteria in vitro and in vivo causing infections. The antibacterial capacity of AgNPs covers Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug resistant strains. AgNPs exhibit multiple and simultaneous mechanisms of action and in combination with antibacterial agents as organic compounds or antibiotics it has shown synergistic effect against pathogens bacteria such as and .

Antioxidant and Anti-Proliferative Activity of Essential Oil and Main Components from Leaves of Harvested in Central Chile.

The aim of this study was to determine, first, the chemical composition of (Griseb) Moldenke essential oil, from leaves harvested in central Chile; and second, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Eight compounds were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, with the most representative being -carvone (91.03%), -limonene (4.

Sonochemical Synthesis of 2'-Hydroxy-Chalcone Derivatives with Potential Anti-Oomycete Activity.

This work reports on the synthesis of eight new 2'-hydroxy-chalcones with potential anti-phytopathogenic applications in agroindustry, among others, via Claisen-Schmidt condensation and ultrasound assisted reaction. Assays showed three chalcones with allyl moieties strongly inhibited growth of phytopathogenic oomycete ; moreover, compound had a half maximal effective concentration (EC) value (32.5 µg/mL) similar to that of metalaxyl (28.

Florfenicol Binding to Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles in Model and Real Samples.

A simple and straightforward technique for coating microplate wells with molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) to develop assays similar to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay to determine and quantify florfenicol (FF) in real food samples such as liquid milk and salmon muscle is presented here. The nanoMIPs were synthesized by a solid-phase approach with an immobilized FF (template) and characterized using dynamic light scattering, a SPR-2 biosensor system and transmission electron microscopy. Immobilization of nanoMIPs was conducted by preparing a homogenous solution of FF-nanoMIPs in water mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 0.

Development of a scalable procedure by a discontinuous crossflow DF/UF to obtain a concentrate of chenopodin from a dead-end centrifugal UF at bench scale.

The aim of this study was to develop a scalable crossflow diafiltration/ultrafiltration procedure for quinoa 11S globulin purification starting at the bench scale using Ultra15 centrifugal filter devices. The electrophoretic profiles of centrifugal ultrafiltration fractions showed a high heterogeneity in the bands, while crossflow ultrafiltration reduced the phenomena of protein sticking to the membrane, avoiding aggregate formation. In the crossflow protein concentration, flux decline curves were studied according to Hermia's fouling mechanisms and the resistance in a series model.

Carveoylphenols and Their Antifungal Potential against Pathogenic Yeasts.

is a genus of yeasts and is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. However, only a few antifungal drugs are currently available for the treatment of infections. In the last decade, terpenophenols have attracted much attention because they often possess a variety of biological activities.

Isolation and identification of compounds from the resinous exudate of Presl. and their anti-oomycete activity.

The resinous exudates from by products was characterized by FT-IR, NMR and HRMS. Six compounds were isolated and identified as follows: 1,5-diphenylpent-1-en-3-one (), 4-(5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-4-chromen-2-yl)phenyl acetate (), pinocembrin (), kaempferol 3--methylether (), (3,5)-()-1,7-diphenylhept-1-ene-3,5-diol () and the new diarylheptanoid (3,5)-()-5-hydroxy-1,7-diphenylhept-1-en-3-yl acetate (). The anti-oomycete potential of the resinous exudate, as well as the main compounds, was tested in vitro against and .

Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of New Cyclodiprenyl Phenols against Select Cancer Cell Lines.

Six new cyclodiprenyl phenols were synthesized by direct coupling of perillyl alcohol and the appropriate phenol. Their structures were established by IR, HRMS and mainly NMR. Three human cancer cell lines-breast (MCF-7), prostate (PC-3) and colon (HT-29)-were used in antiproliferative assays, with daunorubicin and dunnione as positive controls.

Structure-Activity Relationship of Dialkoxychalcones to Combat Fish Pathogen .

To investigate the anti- activities of chalconic compounds, nine dialkoxychalcones ⁻, along with their key building block 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone , were evaluated for their potential oomycide activities against strains. The synthesis afforded a series of -alkylated derivatives with typical chalcone skeletons. Compounds ⁻ were reported for the first time.

Spray Freeze-Drying as an Alternative to the Ionic Gelation Method to Produce Chitosan and Alginate Nano-Particles Targeted to the Colon.

Chitosan and alginate nano-composite (NP) carriers intended for colonic delivery containing prednisolone and inulin were obtained by two processes. Spray freeze-drying using chitosan (SFDC) or alginate (SFDA) was proposed as an alternative to the traditional chitosan-tripolyphosphate platform (CTPP). NPs were fully characterised and assessed for their yield of particles; level of prednisolone and inulin release in phosphate and Krebs buffers; and sensitivity to degradation by lysozyme, bacteria and faecal slurry.

Release of prednisolone and inulin from a new calcium-alginate chitosan-coated matrix system for colonic delivery.

Putative colonic release formulations of calcium (Ca)-alginate coated with chitosan containing two different actives, prednisolone and inulin, were prepared in three different sizes, beads (D50 = 2104 μm) and microparticles (D50 = 354 and 136 μm). The formulations were tested in standard phosphate buffer and biorelevant Krebs bicarbonate buffer at pH 7.4, and were further evaluated in the presence of the bacterium E.

Response regulator ArcA of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium downregulates expression of OmpD, a porin facilitating uptake of hydrogen peroxide.

Here we demonstrate that OmpD, the most abundant porin in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, facilitates uptake of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and that its expression is negatively regulated by ArcA upon peroxide exposure. When exposed to sublethal concentrations of H₂O₂, a S. Typhimurium ompD mutant showed decreased peroxide levels compared to those observed in the wild type strain, suggesting that H₂O₂ could be channeled inside the cell through OmpD.

[Links and effects of globalization on social and economic organization and malaria prevalence in the Coastal Region of Livingston, Guatemala].

As a result of Guatemala's growing involvement in international markets and policies favoring industrial and export-oriented efforts, the population has experienced substantial changes in its economic and social organization, with consequences for the health and well-being of marginal groups. The article discusses various links between global processes, national policies and priorities, social and economic strategies, and malaria prevalence, with the Coastal Region of Livingston, Guatemala as the case study carried out between 2001 and 2003.