Ectopic positioning of pacemaker electrode.

The present case reports on a patient presenting the cardiac form of Chagas disease, with left ventricular dysfunction and second-degree atrioventricular block Mobitz type II, associated with several syncope episodes. The patient underwent a double-chamber definitive artificial pacemaker implant. One year after the implant, the displacement of the atrial electrode was diagnosed and the patient was submitted to re-implantation of the atrial electrode.

[Role of patent foramen ovale and of the Eustaquian valve in the trhomboembolic events].

The association between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and paradoxical emboli is described in medical literature. When have not association with atrial septal aneurysm, arguments arise about the clots origin, because it have been difficult to gave evidence of the clots passing from venous circulation across shunt right to left. We describe four cases of vascular events whose transesophageal echocardiography showed clots nailed within the PFO associated the prominent Eustachian valve, without septal aneurysm.