Visual and refractive outcome after 12 years of treatment of type 1 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity.

In this study, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and refraction in preterm-born infants in South-Eastern Bulgaria after 12 years of treatment for type 1 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity were presented, and the outcomes of laser treatment and cryotherapy were compared.

Normal Reference Ranges of Optical Coherence Tomography Parameters in Children.

Aim: To measure the macular thickness, macular volume and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in healthy Caucasian chil-dren using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) and analyze the correlation of these values with age, refraction, and biometric measurements.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 270 healthy children (150 female and 120 male) aged 6 to 17 years with no ocular abnormalities. All children underwent a detailed eye examination.

Optical Coherence Tomography-Angiography of Different Choroidal Neovascularization Subtypes in Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in individuals over 55 years of age worldwide. Conventionally, it is divided into two subtypes - dry (non-neovascular) and wet (neovascular) form. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration comprises only 10-15% of all patients but is responsible for more than 80% of blindness related to the disease.

The 5-minute Apgar Score as a Prognostic Factor for Development and Progression of Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Background: A low Apgar score at 5 minutes has been shown to be a risk factor for development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Aim: To examine the prognostic value of Apgar score at 5 minutes for development and progression of ROP.

Materials And Methods: The study included 132 preterm infants who were screened from 4th week of life onward.

Serum inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and VEGF have influence on the development of diabetic retinopathy.

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between serum levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and VEGF and the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Patients And Methods: In this prospective study we included 38 healthy volunteers (group 1) and 39 patients with type 2 DM (group 2). All participants underwent routine ophthalmological examination and laboratory analysis of the serum cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and VEGF.

Optical coherence tomography for the detection of early macular edema in diabetic patients with retinopathy.

Aim: To compare the retinal thickness measurements with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy subjects with those of type 2 diabetes patients with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and with no clinical evidence of diabetic macular edema (DME).

Patients And Methods: The present prospective study included 29 diabetic patients (57 eyes) with no DR (group 1), 32 diabetic patients (63 eyes) with DR (group 2) and 25 healthy volunteers (39 eyes, control group). Eyes showing macular edema on slit-lamp biomicroscopy or leakage on fluorescein angiography were not included in the study.

Assessment of serous macular detachment in eyes with diabetic macular edema by use of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Background: The introduction of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has brought new potentialities for an objective evaluation of macular diseases. The purpose of the present study was to assess the serous macular detachment (SMD) in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) by use of spectral-domain OCT.

Methods: In this prospective study were included 79 eyes of 46 patients with diabetic retinopathy and DME.

Types of diabetic macular edema assessed by optical coherence tomography.

Aim: To assess the types of diabetic macular edema (DME) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by analyzing retinal thickness, morphology and presence of macular traction using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Patients And Methods: This prospective study included 74 diabetics with diabetic retinopathy (DR) (141 eyes), 29 diabetics without DR (57 eyes) and 25 healthy volunteers (39 eyes). The ophthalmic examination included best corrected visual acuity, stereo-ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography and OCT.

[Rhegmatogenous PVR detachment: long-term results after extraocular minimal scleral buckling].

Background: To present the long-term anatomical and functional results and the dynamics of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) after precise segmental scleral buckling without drainage, known as extraocular minimal surgery.

Patients And Methods: In a prospective study 172 consecutive rhegmatogenous PVR detachments were included which were operated on between January 1994 and February 1996 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Higher Medical Institute, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, with cryopexy and segmental scleral buckling without drainage. The follow-up ranged between 54 and 79 months (xmacr; 5S years).