Meperidine-Ketorolac Combination Provides Better Analgesia than Meperidine Alone in Postoperative Patients.

Background: Our study objective was to assess if multi-modal analgesia with meperidine-ketorolac combination provides superior analgesia or reduces opioid requirement following surgery compared to Meperidine alone.

Design: Double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Postoperative pain control in orthopedic ward after spinal anesthesia.

Pharmacogenomics of oxycodone: a narrative literature review.

Oxycodone is a semisynthetic μ- and κ-opioid receptor with agonist with a broad scope of use including postoperative analgesia as well as control of neuropathic and cancer pain. Advantages over other opioids include prolonged duration of action, greater potency than morphine and lack of histamine release or ceiling effect. Individual responses to oxycodone can vary due to genetic differences.