Highly expressed cell wall genes contribute to robustness of sepal size.

Reproducibility in organ size and shape is a fascinating trait of living organisms. The mechanisms underlying such robustness remain, however, to be elucidated. Taking the sepal of Arabidopsis as a model, we investigated whether variability of gene expression plays a role in variation of organ size and shape.

Combining DNA Barcoding and Chemical fingerprints to authenticate Lavender raw material.

Objective: This study was initiated and conducted by several laboratories, 3 of the main cosmetic ingredient suppliers and 4 brands of cosmetics in France. Its objective is to show the interest and robustness of coupling chemical and genetic analyses in the identification of plant species. In this study, the Lavandula genus was used.

NanoIndentation, an ImageJ Plugin for the Quantification of Cell Mechanics.

Growth and morphogenesis in plants depend on cell wall mechanics and on turgor pressure. Nanoindentation methods, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), enable measurements of mechanical properties of a tissue at subcellular resolution, while confocal microscopy of tissues expressing fluorescent reporters indicates cell identity. Associating mechanical data with specific cells is essential to reveal the links between cell identity and cell mechanics.

Integument-Specific Transcriptional Regulation in the Mid-Stage of Flax Seed Development Influences the Release of Mucilage and the Seed Oil Content.

Flax ( L.) seed oil, which accumulates in the embryo, and mucilage, which is synthesized in the seed coat, are of great economic importance for food, pharmaceutical as well as chemical industries. Theories on the link between oil and mucilage production in seeds consist in the spatio-temporal competition of both compounds for photosynthates during the very early stages of seed development.

Corrigendum: Unveiling Interindividual Variability of Human Fibroblast Innate Immune Response Using Robust Cell-Based Protocols.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.

Targeted LC-MS/MS combined with multilocus DNA metabarcoding as a combinatory approach to determine the amount and the source of pyrrolizidine alkaloids contamination in popular cooking herbs, seeds, spices and leafy vegetables.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their corresponding N-oxides (PANOs) are natural protoxins biosynthesised by many plant species and are responsible for occasional fatal intoxication outbreaks due to the consumption of contaminated food. However, only in rare cases has the origin of the contamination been determined. Although their presence has been studied in many matrices, occurrence data on popular widely used cooking herbs, seeds, spices and leafy vegetables is very scarce.

Unveiling Interindividual Variability of Human Fibroblast Innate Immune Response Using Robust Cell-Based Protocols.

The () project is a clinical study centered on the detailed characterization of the baseline and induced immune responses in blood samples from 1,000 healthy donors. Analyses of these samples has lay ground for seminal studies on the genetic and environmental determinants of immunologic variance in a healthy cohort population. In the current study we developed methods enabling standardized quantification of MI-cohort-derived primary fibroblasts responses.

Cytological Approaches Combined With Chemical Analysis Reveals the Layered Nature of Flax Mucilage.

The external seed coat cell layer of certain species is specialized in the production and extrusion of a polysaccharide matrix called mucilage. Variations in the content of the released mucilage have been mainly associated with genetically regulated physiological modifications. Understanding the mucilage extrusion process in crop species is of importance to gain deeper insight into the complex cell wall biosynthesis and dynamics.

Evidence for the Regulation of Gynoecium Morphogenesis by via Cell Wall Dynamics.

() is an atypical member of the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR family of transcription factors that plays a crucial role in tissue patterning in the Arabidopsis () gynoecium. Though recent insights have provided valuable information on ETT's interactions with other components of auxin signaling, the biophysical mechanisms linking ETT to its ultimate effects on gynoecium morphology were until now unknown. Here, using techniques to assess cell-wall dynamics during gynoecium growth and development, we provide a coherent body of evidence to support a model in which ETT controls the elongation of the valve tissues of the gynoecium through the positive regulation of pectin methylesterase (PME) activity in the cell wall.

Study of Some Zanthoxylum Species by Chemical and DNA Analysis Approaches.

The authentication and traceability of spices is a major concern for industrials and consumers. We focused on species from Zanthoxylum genera which are used for many different applications by local populations and also for trading as spices (dried pericarps or whole fruits). In this case, literature gives contradictory data about botanical names, and commercial labelling is often confusing.

The Developmental Regulator SEEDSTICK Controls Structural and Mechanical Properties of the Arabidopsis Seed Coat.

Although many transcription factors involved in cell wall morphogenesis have been identified and studied, it is still unknown how genetic and molecular regulation of cell wall biosynthesis is integrated into developmental programs. We demonstrate by molecular genetic studies that SEEDSTICK (STK), a transcription factor controlling ovule and seed integument identity, directly regulates PMEI6 and other genes involved in the biogenesis of the cellulose-pectin matrix of the cell wall. Based on atomic force microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and chemical analyses, we propose that structural modifications of the cell wall matrix in the stk mutant contribute to defects in mucilage release and seed germination under water-stress conditions.

Endosperm turgor pressure decreases during early Arabidopsis seed development.

In Arabidopsis, rapid expansion of the coenocytic endosperm after fertilisation has been proposed to drive early seed growth, which is in turn constrained by the seed coat. This hypothesis implies physical heterogeneity between the endosperm and seed coat compartments during early seed development, which to date has not been demonstrated. Here, we combine tissue indentation with modelling to show that the physical properties of the developing seed are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated endosperm-derived turgor pressure drives early seed expansion.

Real-time label-free detection of dividing cells by means of lensfree video-microscopy.

Quantification of cell proliferation and monitoring its kinetics are essential in fields of research such as developmental biology, oncology, etc. Although several proliferation assays exist, monitoring cell proliferation kinetics remains challenging. We present a novel cell proliferation assay based on real-time monitoring of cell culture inside a standard incubator using a lensfree video-microscope, combined with automated detection of single cell divisions over a population of several thousand cells.