Palmaris profundus: one name, several subtypes, and a shared potential for nerve compression.

The palmaris profundus is a rare, but known anatomic variation which may lead to compression of the median nerve and/or its branches. Two patients with carpal tunnel syndrome are presented in whom a palmaris profundus was discovered at operation. In these cases, median nerve compression at the wrist was attributed to the course of the extra tendon and its local mass effect on the nerve (i.

Study of a Leptospirosis Outbreak in Honduras Following Hurricane Mitch and Prophylactic Protection of the vax-SPIRAL® Vaccine.

Honduras was one of the Central American countries most severely hit by Hurricane Mitch. Torrential rains and heavy flooding created conditions conducive to a leptospirosis outbreak in the country. A group of Cuban scientists studied 68 patients from the Department of Cort�s - one of the country's hardest hit areas - presenting clinical and epidemiological profiles indicative of leptospirosis.

Repeat posterior fossa exploration for patients with persistent or recurrent idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.

Object: Patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and persistent or recurrent facial pain after microvascular decompression (MVD) typically undergo less invasive procedures in the hope of providing pain relief. The outcomes and risks of repeat posterior fossa exploration (PFE) for these patients are not clearly understood.

Methods: From September 2000 to November 2006, 29 patients (14 men, 15 women) underwent repeat PFE.

Acute cerebellitis presenting as tumor. Report of two cases.

A pseudotumoral presentation of acute cerebellitis is rare. The authors report two cases of children with hemicerebellar involvement, neither case being postinfectious nor vaccination related. One patient underwent biopsy sampling revealing marked parenchymal and leptomeningeal inflammation, and in the other, near-complete resolution of neuroimaging abnormalities was demonstrated.

Single-neuron activity in the human supplementary motor area underlying preparation for action.

Object: The supplementary motor area (SMA) is considered critical in the planning, initiation, and execution of motor acts. Despite decades of research, including electrical stimulation mapping in patients undergoing neurosurgery, the contribution of this region to the generation of motor behavior has remained enigmatic. This is a study of single-neuron responses at various stages of a motor task during depth electrode recording in the SMA, pre-SMA, and medial temporal lobe of humans, with the goal of elucidating the disparate roles of neurons in these regions during movements.

Primate antisaccade. II. Supplementary eye field neuronal activity predicts correct performance.

Neuronal activities were recorded in the supplementary eye field (SEF) of 3 macaque monkeys trained to perform antisaccades pseudorandomly interleaved with prosaccades, as instructed by the shape of a central fixation point. The prosaccade goal was indicated by a peripheral stimulus flashed anywhere on the screen, whereas the antisaccade goal was an unmarked site diametrically opposite the flashed stimulus. The visual cue was given immediately after the instruction cue disappeared in the immediate-saccade task, or during the instruction period in the delayed-saccade task.