In Situ Gelling Behavior and Biopharmaceutical Characterization of Nano-Silver-Loaded Poloxamer Matrices Designed for Nasal Drug Delivery.

A combination of Poloxamer 407 (P407) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hydrosols is proposed as an in situ thermo-gelling vehicle for the nasal drug delivery of chlorhexidine-silver nanoparticles conjugates (SN-CX). Optimization of the formulation was carried out by applying varying ratios of P407 and HPMC in the presence and absence of SN-CX so that gelation would occur in the temperature range of the nasal cavity (30-34 °C). Mechanisms for the observed gelation phenomena were suggested based on viscosimetry, texture analysis, and dynamic light scattering.

Chlorhexidine-Silver Nanoparticle Conjugation Leading to Antimicrobial Synergism but Enhanced Cytotoxicity.

This study explored the potential synergism within chlorhexidine-silver nanoparticle conjugates against Influenza type A, , , and . Silver nanoparticles (SN) were obtained by the reduction of silver ions with green tea total phenolic extract and conjugated with chlorhexidine (Cx). The particles were characterized by UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopies, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy.

Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 - data from a hospital-based study in Varna, northeastern Bulgaria, 2019-2021.

The purpose of the current study was to describe the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in northeastern Bulgaria. From January 2019 to December 2021, we tested 1493 samples for anti-HSV-1 IgG and 817 samples for anti-HSV-2 IgG antibodies in the Virology Laboratory, "St. Marina" University Hospital, Varna, Bulgaria.

Development and evaluation of doxycycline niosomal thermoresponsive in situ gel for ophthalmic delivery.

The present study was focused on the development of doxycycline niosomal thermosensitive in situ gel for ophthalmic application. For this purpose, in situ gel formulations based on Poloxamer 407 alone and in combination with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were prepared by cold method and evaluated in terms of sol-gel transition temperature, gelling time and capacity. The addition of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to the composition led to decrease in the phase transition temperature of the systems.

Seasonal influenza vaccination: knowledge, attitude and practice in Varna, Bulgaria.

Background: Seasonal influenza vaccination is recommended for certain at-risk groups in Bulgaria, but vaccine coverage and the population's perception of vaccination are currently unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the level of seasonal influenza vaccination in Varna Region, Bulgaria. It also aimed to investigate the status of knowledge and the attitude towards the reliability, safety, and other aspects associated with the use of influenza vaccines.

Epidemiological study of Lyme disease in Bulgaria.

Objectives: Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) is a transmissible infection, common in the temperate climate zones. It is caused by a group of spirochetal bacteria known as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. The aim of the present work was to investigate the incidence rate of borreliosis in different regions of Bulgaria and to identify possible risk factors for its occurrence.

Epidemiological Study of Hepatitis A Infection in Eastern Bulgaria.

Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is an acute, self-limited liver disease transmitted usually through the faecal-oral route via person-to-person contact. Bulgaria has intermediate HAV endemicity with higher susceptibility among adults and recurrent outbreaks.

Aim: As HAV infection is strongly related to human movements and represents a significant risk to travelers and migrants, as well as to local population receiving these groups, we set out to analyze the epidemiological data on hepatitis A in five of the largest tourist border regions of Bulgaria located in its eastern part: Varna, Shumen, Dobrich, Burgas and Yambol.

Seroprevalence of Syphilis among Pregnant Women in the Varna Region (Bulgaria).

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease with continuously rising rates among European countries. The vertical (mother to child) transmission is an important way of dissemination, often leading to stillbirth and permanent impairment of the newborn. We present a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 2702 pregnant women tested for syphilis seropositivity.