Factors influencing medical students career intentions in Flanders, Estonia and Hungary: a multivariable analysis.

Background: The career decisions of medical students are pivotal in shaping the future healthcare workforce. In many countries, the number of medical students who choose general practice (GP) as their career is insufficient to meet the needs of the healthcare system.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the factors influencing medical students' career intentions and their preference for a career in GP.

Early-career general practitioners' career intentions in Estonia: A qualitative study.

Background: The shortage of general practitioners (GPs) is a worsening problem in many countries and poses a threat to the services provided by primary care and by extension for the entire healthcare system. Issues with GP workforce recruitment and retention can be reasons for this shortage.

Objectives: To describe GP trainees and newly qualified GPs experiences and perceptions on how their training and early experiences of work influence their career intentions in primary care in Estonia.

Lack of functional TCR-epitope interaction is associated with herpes zoster through reduced downstream T cell activation.

The role of T cell receptor (TCR) diversity in infectious disease susceptibility is not well understood. We use a systems immunology approach on three cohorts of herpes zoster (HZ) patients and controls to investigate whether TCR diversity against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) influences the risk of HZ. We show that CD4 T cell TCR diversity against VZV glycoprotein E (gE) and immediate early 63 protein (IE63) after 1-week culture is more restricted in HZ patients.

How can peer teaching influence the development of medical students? a descriptive, longitudinal interview study.

Background: Peer-assisted learning (PAL) - where students take up a teaching role at an early stage of their training-is widely used in medical curricula. Many qualitative studies have investigated the perceptions and benefits of PAL, but no studies have longitudinally explored how peer teachers experienced their development. This could allow for a better understanding of PAL.

Development of TOEKAN, a 360° evaluation tool for the clinical learning environment in General Practice postgraduate training.

Background: The General Practice (GP) postgraduate program exists for 80% out of workplace learning. The quality of the clinical learning environment (CLE) has a direct effect on the quality of training and the professional development of GP trainees.

Methodology: Participatory research was used to involve all stakeholders in the development process of a 360° evaluation tool that should improve the average quality of GP training practices, guide GP trainees towards the best training practices and detect and remediate GP trainers of lower quality.

What influences on their professional development do general practice trainees report from their hospital placements? A qualitative study.

Background: The clinical learning environment is important in GP specialty training and impacts professional development. Uniquely for GP trainees, about half of their training periods occur in a hospital environment, which is not their final workplace. There is still little understanding of how hospital-based training influences GP's professional development.

Fitness-for-purpose of the CanMEDS competencies for workplace-based assessment in General Practitioner's Training: a Delphi study.

Background: In view of the exponential use of the CanMEDS framework along with the lack of rigorous evidence about its applicability in workplace-based medical trainings, further exploring is necessary before accepting the framework as accurate and reliable competency outcomes for postgraduate medical trainings. Therefore, this study investigated whether the CanMEDS key competencies could be used, first, as outcome measures for assessing trainees' competence in the workplace, and second, as consistent outcome measures across different training settings and phases in a postgraduate General Practitioner's (GP) Training.

Methods: In a three-round web-based Delphi study, a panel of experts (n = 25-43) was asked to rate on a 5-point Likert scale whether the CanMEDS key competencies were feasible for workplace-based assessment, and whether they could be consistently assessed across different training settings and phases.

Improving the Management of Children with Fevers by Healers in Native Rural Areas in the South of Ecuador.

Background: Indigenous populations are represented among the poor and disadvantaged in rural areas. High rates of infectious diseases are observed in indigenous child populations, and fever as a general symptom is common.

Objective: We aim to improve the skills of healers in rural indigenous areas in the South of Ecuador for managing children with fevers.

Driving forces of GPs' migration in Europe: an exploratory qualitative study.

Background: The shortage of GPs is a worldwide phenomenon, which encourages the migration of GPs and consequently exacerbates the GP shortage. This shortage imposes a threat for the entire healthcare system.

Aim: To explore the driving forces of GPs' migration in Europe and their reasons to stay in the new country, to migrate further, or to return to their home country.

Personalised versus non-individualised case-based CME: A randomised pilot study.

The PinPoint Case Platform (PPCP) offers independent online case-based CME. To align with personal learning needs, a functionality of needs assessments ("QuickScan") was developed, directing users to follow personalised case journeys. A randomised study was conducted, comparing its effectiveness, time efficiency and user experience with a format of non-individualised case-based learning.

Culturally adapted flowcharts in obstetric emergencies: a participatory action research study.

Introduction: Maternal mortality is a health problem in developing countries and is the result of several factors such as sociodemographic and economic inequalities and difficulties in accessing the health services. In addition, training strategies in obstetric emergencies targeting the non-medical personnel such as traditional midwives are scarce. The focus of this study is to develop learning and communication bridges on the management of obstetric emergencies and on policies of patients' referral to the biomedical health system in rural areas.

Experiences of academic and professional burn-out in medical students and residents during first COVID-19 lockdown in Belgium: a mixed-method survey.

COVID-19 has presented a substantial burden on students and healthcare staff. This mixed-method, descriptive and correlational study aimed to: 1) describe academic; and 2) professional burnout levels; 3) their associations with working in COVID-19-related care; and 4) with perceived COVID-19 impact on studies and internships among medical students and residents. We hypothesized burnout levels to be high; those involved in COVID-19 care to experience higher impact of COVID-19 on studies and work, and to experience higher levels of academic and professional burnout than those not involved in COVID-19 care; academic and professional burnout to be higher when perceived burden due to COVID-19 was higher.

Learning objectives of Belgian general practitioner trainees regarding their hospital training: A qualitative study.

Background: In Europe, hospital training is integrated in the postgraduate curriculum of General Practitioners (GPs) according to the European Directives. However, little is known about the specific learning objectives of GP trainees during this training.

Objectives: This exploratory study investigated GP trainees' expected learning objectives for their hospital training and the factors influencing the learning process.

Does peer teaching improve academic results and competencies during medical school? A mixed methods study.

Background: This study investigates the impact of Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL) in clinical skills on peer teachers' academic scores and competencies; however, controversy remains on this topic, and concrete evidence on its impact lacking.

Methods: We performed a mixed methods study combining a retrospective cohort study with a modified Delphi survey. Peer teachers and Skills Lab faculty members participated in this study.

The impact of COVID-19 on the well-being, education and clinical practice of general practice trainees and trainers: a national cross-sectional study.

Background: COVID-19 has changed General Practice (GP) education as well as GP clinical activities. These changes have had an impact on the well-being of medical trainees and the role of GP plays in the society. We have therefore aimed to investigate the impact that COVID-19 has had on GP trainees and trainers in four domains: education, workload, practice organization and the role of GP in society.

Teaching and Learning Core Values in General Practice/Family Medicine: A Narrative Review.

General Practice/Family Medicine (GP/FM) is a key discipline within primary health care and so by extension for the whole health care system. An essential condition for effective GP/FM care is a work force that is highly qualified. As society is changing rapidly, a revision of the GP/FM definition is ongoing, in addition to a recent movement of identifying related core values.

Perceptions of Ecuadorian indigenous healers on their relationship with the formal health care system: barriers and opportunities.

Background: The new paradigm of intercultural policies focuses on rethinking the common public culture. In Ecuador, the "Buen Vivir" plan seeks to incorporate the ancestral medical knowledge, experience and beliefs of traditional healers into the formal health services. This study explores views on the formal health system from the perspective of the healers belonging to the Kichwa and Shuar ethnicities in the South of Ecuador.

Improving Self-Reflection Assessment Practices: Comparative Judgment as an Alternative to Rubrics.

Construct: The authors aimed to investigate the utility of the comparative judgment method for assessing students' written self-reflections.

Background: Medical practitioners' reflective skills are increasingly considered important and therefore included in the medical education curriculum. However, assessing students' reflective skills using rubrics does not appear to guarantee adequate inter-rater reliabilities.

Towards an indigenous definition of health: an explorative study to understand the indigenous Ecuadorian people's health and illness concepts.

Backgrounds: An intercultural society facilitates equitable and respectful interrelations. Knowing and understanding each other's sociocultural and linguitic contexts is a prerequisite for an intercultural society. This study explores the concepts of health and illness among healers of indigenous ethnicities in Southern Ecuador.

Provoking a Conversation Around Students' and Supervisors' Expectations Regarding Workplace Learning.

: This study presents a tool that can facilitate a conversation about students' and supervisors' expectations concerning responsibilities during workplace learning. : It is often unclear who is responsible for facilitating learning opportunities in the workplace. In order to increase learning opportunities, it is important that expectations are discussed and alignment is reached between the student's and supervisor's expectations.

An educational study to investigate the efficacy of three training methods for infiltration techniques on self-efficacy and skills of trainees in general practice.

Background: Research shows that few general practitioners perform intra- and periarticular infiltrations. Lack of good training strategies to teach these skills would be an important reason for this observation. In this study, we investigated and compared three different training strategies for infiltrations of the glenohumeral joint, subacromial space, lateral epicondyle, carpal tunnel and knee joint.