Data on inflammatory cytokines and pathways involved in clearance of from the lungs during cigarette smoking and vitamin D deficiency.

This article contains data related to the inflammatory cytokine and investigated pathways involved in bacterial clearance reported in "Airway infection with Nontypeable is more rapidly eradicated in vitamin D deficient mice" (Serré et al., 2018) [1]. Vitamin D deficient or sufficient mice were oropharyngeally instilled with 10 NTHi and sacrificed at 4, 8, 24 and 72 h post-infection.

Airway infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is more rapidly eradicated in vitamin D deficient mice.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by an excessive inflammatory response of the airways, is often complicated by exacerbations. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk for COPD and may predispose COPD patients to a higher exacerbation rate, particularly during smoking. In the current study, we investigated the effect of vitamin D deficiency and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposure on lung inflammation and bacterial clearance after an acute infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi).

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Modulates Antibacterial and Inflammatory Response in Human Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Macrophages.

Cigarette smoking is associated with increased inflammation and defective antibacterial responses in the airways. Interestingly, vitamin D has been shown to suppress inflammation and to improve antibacterial defense. However, it is currently unknown whether vitamin D may modulate inflammation and antibacterial defects in human cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed airways.

The effects of smoking on whisker movements: A quantitative measure of exploratory behaviour in rodents.

Nicotine, an important component of cigarette smoke, is a neurotransmitter that contributes to stress, depression and anxiety in smokers. In rodents, it increases anxiety and reduces exploratory behaviours. However, so far, the measurements of exploratory behaviour in rodents have only been semi-quantitative and lacking in sufficient detail to characterise the temporal effect of smoking cessation.

Vitamin D deficiency impairs skeletal muscle function in a smoking mouse model.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with skeletal muscle dysfunction. Vitamin D plays an important role in muscle strength and performance in healthy individuals. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in COPD, but its role in skeletal muscle dysfunction remains unclear.

Interaction between Physical Activity and Smoking on Lung, Muscle, and Bone in Mice.

Physical inactivity is an important contributor to skeletal muscle weakness, osteoporosis, and weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the effects of physical inactivity, in interaction with smoking, on lung, muscle, and bone are poorly understood. To address this issue, male mice were randomly assigned to an active (daily running), moderately inactive (space restriction), or extremely inactive group (space restriction followed by hindlimb suspension to mimic bed rest) during 24 weeks and simultaneously exposed to either cigarette smoke or room air.

Vitamin D deficiency exacerbates COPD-like characteristics in the lungs of cigarette smoke-exposed mice.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by excessive inflammation and disturbed bacterial clearance in the airways. Although cigarette smoke (CS) exposure poses a major risk, vitamin D deficiency could potentially contribute to COPD progression. Many in vitro studies demonstrate important anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of vitamin D, but a direct contribution of vitamin D deficiency to COPD onset and disease progression has not been explored.

DNA methylation profiling of non-small cell lung cancer reveals a COPD-driven immune-related signature.

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disorder consisting of distinct molecular subtypes each characterised by specific genetic and epigenetic profiles. Here, we aimed to identify novel NSCLC subtypes based on genome-wide methylation data, assess their relationship with smoking behaviour, age, COPD, emphysema and tumour histopathology, and identify the molecular pathways underlying each subtype.

Methods: Methylation profiling was performed on 49 pairs of tumour and adjacent lung tissue using Illumina 450 K arrays.

Innate immune modulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: moving closer toward vitamin D therapy.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common respiratory diseases and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disturbed innate immune processes characterize the pathogenesis of COPD. Vitamin D deficiency is very common in COPD patients and has been associated with disease severity.

Antielastin B-cell and T-cell immunity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Rationale: Antielastin autoimmunity has been hypothesised to drive disease progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The proposed mechanism is currently disputed by conflicting data. The authors aimed to explore antibody responses against elastin in a large and extensively characterised COPD population and to assess elastin-specific peripheral T-cell reactivity in a representative subgroup.