Development of an ion activation stage for atmospheric pressure ionization sources.

Rationale: The ion-molecule chemistry in typical atmospheric pressure ion sources is essentially thermodynamically controlled. Methods relying on gas-phase protonation reactions, e.g.

Cerebrospinal fluid markers of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: is the renin-angiotensinogen system involved?

Background: The causes underlying idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) are poorly understood.

Methods: To identify disease-related biomarkers that could offer a new insight into IIH pathology, we analyzed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 18 patients with IIH and 18 controls using two-dimensional fluorescence differential in-gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE).

Results: We found six proteins that were upregulated in IIH (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein, immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 [IGHA1], alpha-1-antitrypsin [SERPINA1], serotransferrin, haptoglobin) and four proteins that were downregulated (hemopexin, angiotensinogen, vitamin-D-binding protein, transthyretin).