Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol
June 2008
Microbiological and biotechnological characteristics of intensification of aerobic processing of organic waste have been reviewed, with a view for revealing two types of correlations: (1) between the quality of the composts obtained and the microorganisms involved in composting and (2) between physicochemical parameters and consumer properties of the composts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe review is devoted to modern achievement in area of the aerobic processing of the organic wastes in compost for improvement of an ecological condition of the environment and purposeful use at intensification of an agriculture. The methods of reception and characteristic of products of microbiological transformation household, agricultural and industrial wastes are considered.
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October 2004
The feasibility of hydrolysis of a mixture of peptides with an enzyme from the bacterium Xanthomonas rubrilineans, displaying a peptidase activity and immobilized on aluminum oxide, was studied. Kinetic schemes and equations allowing for approaching quantitative description of peptide hydrolysis in complex mixtures containing free amino acids and peptides were obtained. It was demonstrated that as a result of hydrolysis, the content of free amino acids in hydrolysates decreased 2.
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January 2004
Collagen fractions have been isolated by water-salt extraction from raw materials of animal origin (various tendon types or subcutaneous tissues of cattle, or porcine skin). Collagen fractions with maximum capacity for water and fat retention were isolated with high efficiency by water-salt solutions containing 1-10% sodium chloride at temperatures below 50 degrees C. The values of the effective constant of extraction rate (min-1) at pH 6.
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July 2003
Data on the production of collagen and its fractions (which in many cases surpass the parent protein in functional properties), reported in the literature throughout the past two decades, are reviewed. The material presented elucidates the role played by collagen and its fractions in the development of new, ecologically pure foodstuffs containing nutritive fibers. As follows from the analysis of the data, collagen fractions with molecular weights in excess of 120 kDa offer the greatest promise for producing useful foodstuffs.
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February 2003
Hydrolysis of lipids from beef fat by pancreatic lipase was studied. Maximal release of free fatty acids was shown to take place for the first 3 h of experiment. After this, transetherification developed.
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December 2002
Recent advances in the improvement of biological and physicochemical characteristics of lipids are reviewed, with emphasis on products of biochemical processing of natural (animal or plant) fats and oils. Possible utilities of these new lipid products include their use in food and forage industries, as well as in the production of new medicines and in biotechnology. Specific features of biochemical transformations of lipids (hydrolysis, esterification, and re-esterification) in the presence of water-soluble and immobilized lipases of animal, plant, and microbial origin are scrutinized.
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December 2002
Hydrolysis of a protein mixture from muscle and bone tissues with the enzymatic system from procine pancreatic cell suspension was studied. Kinetic constants and the values of activation energy were determined for individual processes of the release of 15 amino acids. The kinetic characteristics of the overall enzymatic hydrolysis calculated from analysis of the changes in concentrations of terminal amino groups were compared with the characteristics obtained while studying the accumulation patterns of individual amino acids.
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May 2001
Immobilization of aminoacylase from Streptoverticillium olivoreticuli by incorporation into acrylamide gel has been investigated. The data showed that the process should be carried out at constant pH. Thermal inactivation of the immobilized enzyme under the reaction conditions was studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProperties of protein hydrolysates and possible uses of these substances in research and various branches of industry are considered. The main problem discussed in this paper is the relationship between the degree of protein conversion and characteristics (structural-functional and physicochemical) of hydrolysates.
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December 2000
The proteolytic activity and thermal stability of the enzyme complex of cell suspension from pig and bovine pancreas glands was compared with those of pancreatin. The enzyme complex displayed the highest thermal stability and activity at 50 degrees C. The kinetic constants, energies of activation and inactivation of the enzyme complex, and pH optimum (7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent achievements in the technology of production of protein hydrolysates are reviewed. Approaches to description of the mechanism of hydrolysis and the possibility of purification of hydrolysates for their use in the food, medical, forage, and microbiological industries are discussed.
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August 2000
The use of peptide hydrolase (EC 3.4.13.
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February 1999
Isolation of mucopolysaccharides (heparin and chondroitin sulfate), from animal tissue by ion exchange was studied. The yields of heparin and chondroitin sulfate of up to 20,000-150,000 units/kg and 14 g/kg, respectively, can be obtained depending of the type of the raw material used and the sorbent, which absorbs heparin and chondroitin sulfate from aqueous solutions in amounts of 100-250 mg per g sorbent. Ion-exchange sorption of mucopolysaccharides on synthetic sorbents permits extracting fractions of these compounds with the maximum biological activity.
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January 1999
The conversion of porcine and human proinsulins to insulin by enzymatic hydrolysis induced by trypsin and carboxypeptidase B was studied. The conditions of reactions in the presence of trypsin (pure or immobilized in PAAG) and carboxypeptidase B were determined. The possibility of insulin production by the use of immobilized trypsin and carboxypeptidase B for practical purposes was shown.
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November 1998
Optimum conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of bovine blood in the presence of brewer's yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis were studied. In addition to the amount of blood, yeast, sodium citrate, and ethanol in the mixture, the optimum process duration and temperature were determined. The yield of the major end product (blood hydrolysate) increased from 11 to 55%, and the amino acid composition of the end product was brought to a balanced level as a result of hydrolysis optimization and addition of pancreatin to the reaction mixture.
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July 1998
Isolation of the recombinant protein from a genetically engineered Escherichia coli 1854 producer for further chemical enzymatic transformation into human insulin through proinsulin was studied. Under optimal conditions, the recombinant protein formation was more than 35% of the total cell proteins. Structures of the polypeptides obtained and purified chromatographically were confirmed by amino acid analysis.
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May 1998
A method for immobilizing pancreation on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is proposed. The optimum reaction conditions were determined: CMC, 1 x 10(-4) M; 1-ethyl 3-(dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide, 2 x 10(-4) M; incubation time, 18 h at 4 degrees C. They allow obtaining a conjugate of the enzyme with the polymer displaying 85% of the protease and 92% of the esterase activity.
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January 1997
Adsorption of hemin and globin onto fibrous carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) that is commonly used in food industry was studied. The process of CMC saturation with hemin (and globin) was shown to depend on time and temperature. Constants for adsorption and the activation energy for the adsorption of globin were determined.
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September 1996
The possibility of use of brewer's yeast as multienzymatic preparations for hydrolyzing of animal blood proteins was demonstrated. The kinetic characteristics of hydrolysis of blood proteins by activated brewer's yeast mass and neutral proteinase from Bacillus subtilis 102 and the activation energies were estimated. Brewer's yeast biomass may be used as a source of enzymes of broad substrate specificity and noncontiguous amino acids, in particular, isoleucine, to increase the biological efficiency of blood proteins by 15-30%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe inhibitory effect of amino acids on the protease activity of brewer's yeasts has been studied. It is shown that amino acids and peptides formed in the course of autolysis of brewer's yeasts inhibited the rate of this process. To eliminate the inhibitory effect, some exogenous proteases with different substrate specificity can be used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt was shown that conditions for heat sterilization of nutrient media for biosynthesis of antibiotics had an impact on their biochemical composition and activity of a fermentation broth in production of penicillin and erythromycin. The temperature of 120 degrees C and the time of 25 minutes proved to be optimal for sterilization of the media in regard to both preservation of their biochemical composition and providing of the maximum antibiotic productivity on the one hand and maintenance of the sterility during the fermentation process on the other hand.
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