Responsible AI practice and AI education are central to AI implementation: a rapid review for all medical imaging professionals in Europe.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transitioned from the lab to the bedside, and it is increasingly being used in healthcare. Radiology and Radiography are on the frontline of AI implementation, because of the use of big data for medical imaging and diagnosis for different patient groups. Safe and effective AI implementation requires that responsible and ethical practices are upheld by all key stakeholders, that there is harmonious collaboration between different professional groups, and customised educational provisions for all involved.

Comparison of image quality assessments between interventional radiographers and interventional radiologists using digital subtraction angiography.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to compare the image quality assessments of vascular anatomy between interventional radiographers and interventional radiologists using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) runs acquired during an interventional radiology procedure.

Approach: Visual grading characteristics (VGC) analysis was used to assess image quality by comparing two groups of images, where one group consisted of procedures in which radiation dose was optimized (group A, ) and one group where dose optimization was not performed (group B, ). The radiation dose parameters were optimized based on theoretical and empirical evidence to achieve radiation dose reductions during uterine artery embolization procedures.

The impact of body mass index on patient radiation dose in general radiography.

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of the body mass index (BMI) on the dose area product (DAP) and effective dose (ED) in overweight and obese patients. We also wanted to determine the typical dose values as well as suggest adjustments to clinical practice for overweight and obese patients. In this study we considered 597 patients referred for imaging of the chest in posteroanterior and lateral projection, the lumbar spine in anteroposterior (AP) and lateral projection, the pelvis, the knee in AP and lateral projection, and the shoulder in AP projection.

Predictors of radiation dose for uterine artery embolisation are angiography system-dependent.

This study sought to achieve radiation dose reductions for patients receiving uterine artery embolisation (UAE) by evaluating radiation dose measurements for the preceding generation (Allura) and upgraded (Azurion) angiography system. Previous UAE regression models in the literature could not be applied to this centre's practice due to being based on different angiography systems and radiation dose predictor variables. The aims of this study were to establish whether radiation dose is reduced with the upgraded angiography system and to develop a regression model to determine predictors of radiation dose specific to the upgraded angiography system.

UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLISATION: CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT REDUCES RADIATION DOSE WHILE MAINTAINING IMAGE QUALITY.

The purpose of this study was to introduce a continuous quality improvement (CQI) program for radiation dose optimisation during uterine artery embolisation (UAE) and assess its impact on dose reduction and image quality. The CQI program investigated the effects of optimising radiation dose parameters on the kerma-area product (KAP) and image quality when comparing a 'CQI intervention' group (n = 50) and 'Control' group (n = 50). Visual grading characteristics (VGC) analysis was used to assess image quality, using the 'Control' group as a reference.

Establishment of typical adult CT dose indicators for PET-CT scans in Slovenia.

The aim was to determine typical values of diagnostic reference level (DRL) quantities for the computed tomography (CT) part of the most common positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) procedures in Slovenia. The most common PET-CT procedures were identified, and data collated for 565 patients imaged in all three PET-CT units in Slovenia during a time span of 11 months. As the number of facilities is too low to establish national DRLs, we followed ICRP recommendations and determined typical values of DRL quantities as the median values of the pooled set of data.

Efficacy of breast shielding during head computed tomography examination.

Background: Female breasts are exposed to scattered radiation regardless of not being included in the primary field during head CT. This study aimed to investigate whether the use of lead shielding is beneficial in dose reduction to the breasts during head CT.

Patients And Methods: The study was performed in two different hospitals on two different CT units and included 120 patients.

Comparison of treatment position with mask immobilization and standard diagnostic setup in intracranial MRI radiotherapy simulation.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the quality of images resulting from magnetic resonance imaging of patients who underwent intracranial MRI simulation using two different setups (treatment position with mask immobilization and standard diagnostic setup). Due to a larger number of channels and lack of mask immobilization in the standard diagnostic setup, we would like to evaluate whether this is an appropriate technique for MRI treatment planning.

Methods: In total, 70 patients who underwent MR imaging of the brain at 1.

Does the use of self-compression in mammography affect compression force, breast thickness, and mean glandular dose?

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the use of self-compression in craniocaudal (CC) projection has an effect on compression force, breast thickness, radiation dose and image quality compared to the standard mammographic procedure.

Methods: The study was conducted on 200 female patients that were referred for mammographic imaging. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups.

Typical air kerma area product values for trauma orthopaedic surgical procedures.

Background: The aim of study was to establish the typical radiation quantity values for the most common trauma orthopaedic surgical procedures and to compare them with reference values of equivalent procedures performed in other institutions. In addition, we assess the impact of image intensifier and flat panel detector technology used for fluoroscopically guidance on patient exposure.

Materials And Methods: Five most frequently performed fluoroscopically guided trauma orthopaedic procedures in University Medical Centre Ljubljana were analysed.

The efficiency of lead and non-lead shielding on breast dose in head CT.

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the shielding material and its thickness on the measured skin dose to the breasts during the CT examination of the head. The helical and axial head CT was performed on an anthropomorphic phantom (PBU 60). Two types of shielding were tested-lead and non-lead (antimony-bismuth) shielding.

OPTIMAL COLLIMATION SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVES LUMBAR SPINE RADIOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To determine the influence of optimal collimation during lumbar spine radiography on radiation dose and image quality.

Material And Methods: 110 lumbar spine patients were split into two groups-the first imaged with standard collimation and the second with optimal collimation. Body mass index, image field size, exposure conditions and dose area product were measured.

RADIATION DOSE DURING PELVIC RADIOGRAPHY IN RELATION TO BODY MASS INDEX.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on dose area product (DAP), effective dose (E), dose to the organs and image quality (IQ) on 200 patients referred to pelvic radiography. Patients were classified into three groups according to BMI: normal (<24.99), overweight (25.

Establishment of national diagnostic reference levels for radiotherapy computed tomography simulation procedures in Slovenia.

Purpose: To propose national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for radiotherapy (RT) computed tomography (CT) localization purposes, compare both CT units used in the largest RT department in the country and to compare gathered results with other published DRLs in order to discover any need of optimization.

Methods: In total, 1631 patient data (time spend of 4 months) regarding sex, examination type, total dose-length product (DLP) and CTDI was collated on two CT units. Those simulation procedures account for more than 80 % of all simulation procedures performed nationwide.

A PHANTOM STUDY SHOWING THE IMPORTANCE OF BREAST SHIELDING DURING HEAD CT.

This study aimed to investigate the dose to the breasts during head computed tomography (CT) if lead shielding is used. The study was performed in two major hospitals using helical and axial protocols on an anthropomorphic phantom. Measurements were performed with and without the use of a lead shield of 0.

LUMBAR SPINE RADIOGRAPHY: LOWER ORGAN DOSE WITH THE USE OF PA PROJECTION.

The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of the posteroanterior (PA) patient position in lumbar spine imaging on effective dose and the absorbed organ dose. The study was performed on 100 patients that were referred to the lumbar spine radiography that were divided into two equal groups of 50. Body Mass Index, Dose Area Product (DAP), exposure index (EXI), tube time-current (mAs), image field size and the source-patient distance were acquired for each patient.

Comparison of anteroposterior and posteroanterior projection in lumbar spine radiography.

Background The aim of the study was to compare patient radiation dose and image quality in planar lumbar spine radiography using the PA and AP projection in a large variety of patients of both sexes and different sizes. Patients and methods In the first phase data of image field size, DAP, effective dose and image quality were gathered for AP and PA projection in lumbar spine imaging of anthropomorphic phantom. In the second phase, data of BMI, image field size, diameter of the patient's abdomen, DAP, effective dose and image quality were gathered for 100 patients of both sexes who were referred to lumbar spine radiography.

The effect of breast shielding during lumbar spine radiography.

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of lead shielding on the dose to female breasts in conventional x-ray lumbar spine imaging. The correlation between the body mass index and the dose received by the breast was also investigated.

Materials And Methods: Breast surface dose was measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD).