Content Validity of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Developed for Assessing Disease-Specific Quality of Life in Children With Sinonasal Disease: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: Paediatric sinonasal disease is prevalent worldwide, giving rise to substantial healthcare costs and morbidity. However, there is a lack of sinus-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) tailored for children. This study aimed to evaluate existing PROMs against established validation criteria to determine whether a paediatric-specific, validated instrument for assessing sinonasal disease currently exists.

Comprehensive management of paranasal sinus fungus balls: A Young-IFOS consensus statement.

Background: Paranasal sinus fungus balls (PSFB) are a common form of surgically treatable, noninvasive mycosis. To date, no guidelines have standardized PSFB treatment or management of difficult cases (eg, immunocompromised or fragile patients). The clinical consensus statement presented herein aims to provide a comprehensive management guide to PSFB based on current evidence.

A 2 and 5-Year Longitudinal Analysis of 671 Consecutive Patients Diagnosed with Unilateral Vestibular Schwannoma.

Objective: To analyse the 2 and 5-year outcomes of a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed vestibular schwannoma patients.

Study Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary skull base referral unit.

The Use of Postoperative Antibiotics Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Endoscopic sinus surgery is performed for medically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. There is no universally accepted strategy regarding post-operative antibiotics despite the high rates of usage worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyse patient-reported and objective outcomes behind antibiotic use following endoscopic sinus surgery.

Latest developments on topical therapies in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Purpose Of Review: Topical therapies play an important role in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). A detailed literature review was undertaken to appraise recent evidence surrounding current topical therapies and novel treatments used in the setting of recalcitrant CRS.

Recent Findings: Effective sinus surgery aids in the delivery of topical therapies.

Endoscopic transnasal repair of two cases of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula in the foramen rotundum.

We report two female patients aged 16 and 33 who presented with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea. Beta-2 transferrin was positive in both cases. Initial high-resolution CT showed fluid in the maxillary sinus but no obvious bony defect.

Prelacrimal approach for nasolacrimal duct excision in the management of lacrimal system tumours.

To report a case of a lacrimal sac tumour and describe a prelacrimal approach to the maxillary sinus to excise the nasolacrimal duct in its management. To our knowledge, this approach has not been adapted to remove the nasolacrimal duct for the management of pathological processes involving the nasolacrimal system. A 58-year-old female patient presented with a 6-month history of epiphora.

Partial resection of the middle turbinate during endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis does not lead to an increased risk of empty nose syndrome: a cohort study of a tertiary practice.

Background: The treatment of the middle turbinate (MT) during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains a contentious issue with arguments both for and against its resection. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical impact of partial MT resection (PMTR) during ESS, paying particular attention to the risk of developing empty nose syndrome (ENS) and alteration to olfaction.

Methods: This cohort study was performed on prospectively collected data.

The implications of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema for the paediatric otolaryngologist.

Three patients presented within a 6-month period with pneumomediastinum. The underlying cause in each was distinct. One case occurred due to blunt laryngeal trauma and required urgent surgical intervention due to a decompensating airway.

Association of intracellular Staphylococcus aureus with prognosis in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has been shown to exist within nasal epithelial cells in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. This study investigates the localization of intracellular S.

Comparative study of nJ- and μJ-energy level femtosecond lasers: evaluation of flap adhesion strength, stromal bed quality, and tissue responses.

Purpose: To compare flap adhesion strength, stromal bed quality, and tissue responses after flap preparation using nJ- and μJ-energy level femtosecond lasers.

Methods: All corneal flaps were created by either VisuMax laser (μJ-energy level) or femto-LDV (nJ-energy level). Flap adhesion strength in the rabbits was measured with a tension meter 1 and 2 months postoperatively.

Safety and efficacy of topical bacteriophage and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection in a sheep model of sinusitis.

Background: Treatment of sinonasal bacterial biofilms continues to be a challenge in modern rhinology. This study's objective was to assess the safety and efficacy of topically applied Cocktail of S. aureus specific phage (CTSA) alone and in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vivo.

Endoscopic surgery of skull base chordomas.

Objective To assess our clinical experience in treating midline intracranial pathology using minimally invasive surgical techniques. Design Retrospective chart review of patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal resection of clival chordomas. Setting Two tertiary referral centers in Australia and New Zealand.

Safety evaluation of a sinus surfactant in an explant-based cytotoxicity assay.

Objectives/hypothesis: Biofilms are associated with clinical relapse following surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. Encased bacteria are protected from innate immunity and antimicrobial therapy. Surfactants can disperse the biofilm into its planktonic phenotype so that traditional treatments may be effective.

Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus: the Trojan horse of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis?

Background: Despite recent evidence suggesting that Staphylococcus aureus exists within the sinonasal epithelium of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients, certain questions remain. The intracellular environment may provide a protective niche for pathogenic bacteria to evade host immunity and yet provide a reservoir for reinfection. To date, no studies have examined the impact of this bacterial phenotype; therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the role of intracellular S.

Identifying intracellular Staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis: a direct comparison of techniques.

Background: The emerging concept of intracellular pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus playing a role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has led to the development of numerous imaging techniques for their identification. Traditional methods of bacterial culture are not effective at localizing bacteria to the surface or within tissue samples. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel imaging technique using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) coupled with a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe and nucleic acid counterstain (propidium iodide [PI]) that allows for simultaneous analysis of S.

Gene expression differences in nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species regulation point to an altered innate immune response in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: The complex interplay between host, environment, and microbe in the etiopathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. This study focuses on the host-microbe interaction, specifically the regulation of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) against the pathogenic organism Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

Reproducibility and age-related changes of ocular parametric measurements in rabbits.

Background: The rabbit is a common animal model for ophthalmic research, especially corneal research. Ocular structures grow rapidly during the early stages of life. It is unclear when the rabbit cornea becomes mature and stabilized.

Prevention of false positive binding during immunofluorescence of Staphylococcus aureus infected tissue biopsies.

Immunofluorescence is a fundamental tool used to analyse tissue and cell samples with a wide variety of available antibodies targeting specific proteins or molecules. Staphylococcal surface protein A is used both in clinical, research and industrial settings for its ability to bind mammalian immunoglobulin G. Spurious binding between protein A and IgG antibodies can lead to false-positive fluorescence and misleading results.

The multiplicity of Staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis: correlating surface biofilm and intracellular residence.

Objectives/hypothesis: The biofilm paradigm of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is increasingly understood to play a key role in the pathophysiology of this disease. The role of intracellular infection of sinonasal epithelial cells has been suggested as a potential reservoir of pathogenic organisms that can lead to recalcitrant disease despite maximal medical and surgical treatment. Could a surface biofilm play a role in allowing intracellular infection to occur, and what are the factors associated with potential intracellular infections? The aim of this study was to investigate these questions.