Prevalence of Glaucoma Following Paediatric Cataract Surgery in an Australian Tertiary Referral Centre.

Purpose: Secondary glaucoma following childhood cataract surgery remains the most common complication in the paediatric population. This study aimed to determine the incidence, time to progression and risk factors associated with the development of secondary glaucoma following childhood cataract surgery in a paediatric population. Outcome measures were the detection of secondary glaucoma, postoperative time frame to development of glaucoma and risk factors in its development.

Early recognition of CLN3 disease facilitated by visual electrophysiology and multimodal imaging.

Background: Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is a group of neurodegenerative disorders with varying visual dysfunction. CLN3 is a subtype which commonly presents with visual decline. Visual symptomatology can be indistinct making early diagnosis difficult.

The comparative ethics of artificial-intelligence methods for military applications.

Concerns about the ethics of the use of artificial intelligence by militaries have insufficiently addressed the differences between the methods (algorithms) that such software provides. These methods are discussed and key differences are identified that affect their ethical military use, most notably for lethal autonomous systems. Possible mitigations of ethical problems are discussed such as sharing decision-making with humans, better testing of the software, providing explanations of what is being done, looking for biases, and putting explicit ethics into the software.

Panophthalmitis and Orbital Inflammation with Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis Following Cataract Surgery.

Background: Panophthalmitis is a severe inflammation of the globe that can result as a rare complication of ophthalmic surgery. In severe cases, it may also be associated with orbital inflammation and cavernous sinus thrombosis.

Purpose: This case demonstrates a rare and life-threatening post-operative complication of cataract surgery.

Paediatric Horner Syndrome: How much further to investigate?

We report an infant with an early-onset Horner syndrome and normal urinary catecholamine levels. Further investigations with Nuclear medicine imaging withI-MIBG (meta-iodo benzyl-guanidine) confirmed a right thoracic inlet mass consistent with a neuroblastoma, a tumor of neural crest origin. The authors emphasize the need for investigating idiopathic acquired pediatric Horner syndrome and the value of an MIBG scan as a diagnostic test for suspected neuroblastoma.

Quality home visits: Activities to promote meaningful interactions.

Examination of and support for specific practices that promote high-quality home visiting are essential as family support programs continue to expand across the country. The current study used direct observation of 91 home visits across 41 home visitors to examine relations among interaction partners, content of the interactions, the home-visitors' activities, and quality of home-visitors' practices and family-members' engagement within programs funded by the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting program. More time spent in triadic interactions focused on child-related content, as measured by the Home Visit Rating Scale-Revised, was related to higher quality of family engagement in home visits, as measured with the Home Visit Observation Rating Scales.

Correction to: Triadic Interactions in MIECHV: Relations to Home Visit Quality.

The article "Triadic interactions in MIECHV: Relations to home visit quality", written by Carla A. Peterson, Kere Hughes-Belding, Neil Rowe, Liuran Fan, Melissa Walter, Leslie Dooley, Wen Wang and Chloe Steffensmeier, was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 12 June 2018 without open access. With the author(s)' decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed on 9 July 2018 to

Triadic Interactions in MIECHV: Relations to Home Visit Quality.

Objectives This study was conducted to look inside home visits to examine active intervention ingredients used and their relations with ratings of home visit quality. In particular, triadic interactions that engage the home visitor, parent, and child together and provide a context for home visitors to facilitate parent-child interactions by observing, modeling and coaching behaviors that promote optimal child development were examined. Methods Observations were conducted to describe intervention activities (with the HVOF-R) and rate quality of home visit practices and engagement (with the HOVRS A+).

Visual outcomes and late complications in paediatric orbital rhabdomyosarcoma.

Background: Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare but important malignancy for an ophthalmologist. We aimed to review the management and outcome, including late orbital complications and visual acuity over 25 years from a specialist paediatric ophthalmology department.

Design: This was a retrospective longitudinal case series.

A negative waveform in the scotopic response in a patient with phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency: a visual electrophysiology report.

Purpose: Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency is an X-linked neurometabolic genetic disorder with variable systemic manifestations. So far, only one patient with retinal anomalies has been reported, but no visual electrophysiology findings were described. We report the first description of visual electrophysiology in a child with PGK deficiency.

Capsular tension segment in a case of microspherophakia.

Background: A child with microspherophakia is described who was managed with scleral fixation of the loose capsular bag using Ahmed capsular tension segment and the small capsular bag was expanded using a standard capsular tension ring.

Methods: The child presented initially with lenticular myopia and concomitant glaucoma for which he was treated with peripheral iridotomy alone. The IOP remained uncontrolled after iridotomy procedure.

Successful treatment of infantile haemangiomas of the orbit with propranolol.

Background: Propranolol is a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of cutaneous infantile haemangiomas. We assessed the effect of propranolol therapy in infantile haemangiomas of the orbit.

Methods: A case series of four patients with orbital infantile haemangiomas were referred for management in our tertiary referral hospitals.

Visual manifestations of craniofrontonasal dysplasia.

In this sample of craniofrontonasal dysplasia, a 44.4% prevalence of visual impairment was observed, with more than half being due to potentially correctable causes of visual loss, including amblyopia and anisometropia. High prevalences of strabismus (88.

Comparison of silastic and banked fascia lata in pediatric frontalis suspension.

Purpose: To compare the use of Silastic and banked fascia lata in pediatric frontalis suspension surgery for functional success, ptosis recurrence, and infection and granuloma rates.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of 72 patients who underwent 131 frontalis suspension operations using either Silastic or banked fascia lata during the past 12 years at Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.

Results: Functional success rates for primary frontalis suspension procedures were not significantly different for banked fascia lata and Silastic (60% versus 67.

Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in craniosynostotic syndromes.

Background: To assess the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in patients with craniosynostotic syndromes of Apert, Crouzon, Pfeiffer, Saethre-Chotzen and craniofrontonasal dysplasia.

Methods: The medical records of patients who attended the Craniofacial Clinic at two large paediatric hospitals in Sydney, Australia between 1983 and 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Presenting visual acuity (VA) was assessed using tests appropriate to age and cognition: 'fix and follow' in infants (<18 months old), Teller card acuity in preverbal children (18 months to less than 3 years old), Kay picture test or Sheridan-Gardiner test in children aged between 3 and less than 6 years and Snellen chart in those aged 6 years or older.