High-energy synchrotron X-ray tomography coupled with digital image correlation highlights likely failure points inside ITER toroidal field conductors.

Two sections of heat-treated (HT) and non-heat-treated (NHT) Cable-in-Conduit Conductor (CICC) of a design similar to the ITER tokomak have been imaged using very high energy X-ray tomography at the ESRF beamline ID19. The sample images were collected at four temperatures down to 77 K. These results showed a greater degree of movement, bundle distortion and touching strands in the NHT sample.

Two-Photon Polymerisation 3D Printing of Microneedle Array Templates with Versatile Designs: Application in the Development of Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems.

Purpose: To apply a simple and flexible manufacturing technique, two-photon polymerisation (2PP), to the fabrication of microneedle (MN) array templates with high precision and low cost in a short time.

Methods: Seven different MN array templates were produced by 2PP 3D printing, varying needle height (900-1300 μm), shape (conical, pyramidal, cross-shaped and with pedestal), base width (300-500 μm) and interspacing (100-500 μm). Silicone MN array moulds were fabricated from these templates and used to produce dissolving and hydrogel-forming MN arrays.

Aspects of marine geoscience: a review and thoughts on potential for observing active processes and progress through collaboration between the ocean sciences.

Much progress has been made in the UK in characterizing the internal structures of major physiographic features in the oceans and in developing understanding of the geological processes that have created or shaped them. UK researchers have authored articles of high impact in all areas described here. In contrast to terrestrial geoscience, however, there have been few instrumented observations made of active processes by UK scientists.

Assessing cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase contributions to warfarin metabolism in humans.

As a step toward exploring a targeted metabolomics approach to personalized warfarin (Coumadin) therapy, we developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method capable of quantifying specific enantiomeric (R and S) contributions of warfarin (WAR) and the corresponding hydroxywarfarins (OH-WAR) and glucuronides (-GLUC) generated by cytochrome P450s (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), respectively. Evaluation of quality control samples and three commercially available human samples showed that our analytical approach has the ability to measure 24 unique WAR metabolites in human urine. Evaluation of the human data also provides new insights for evaluating WAR toxicity and begins characterizing important UGT metabolic pathways responsible for WAR detoxification.

Glucuronidation of monohydroxylated warfarin metabolites by human liver microsomes and human recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases.

Our understanding of human phase II metabolic pathways which facilitate detoxification and excretion of warfarin (Coumadin) is limited. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that there are specific human hepatic and extrahepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isozymes, which are responsible for conjugating warfarin and hydroxylated metabolites of warfarin. Glucuronidation activity of human liver microsomes (HLMs) and eight human recombinant UGTs toward (R)- and (S)-warfarin, racemic warfarin, and major cytochrome P450 metabolites of warfarin (4'-, 6-, 7-, 8-, and 10-hydroxywarfarin) has been assessed.