Successful Midfoot Reconstruction in Müller-Weiss Disease Using a Reverse Fibular Flap: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Müller-Weiss disease (MWD) is a poorly understood orthopedic condition first described in 1927 that causes chronic pain across the midfoot and hindfoot. The etiology is uncertain but includes navicular dysplasia, osteochondritis, and trauma. The initial management is conservative, aiming to reduce the patient's symptoms, and includes analgesia, footwear, and activity modification.

Association of Perioperative Antibiotics with the Prevention of Postoperative Fistula after Cleft Palate Repair.

Background: There is debate amongst surgeons regarding the use of antibiotics to prevent fistulae after palatoplasty. Prescribing should be evidence based, as antibiotic stewardship is integral to reducing antibiotic resistance. Our aim was to determine whether differing perioperative regimens affect the prevalence of postoperative fistulae.

Syndromes associated with Robin sequence: a national prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of syndromic Robin sequence (RS) in the UK and if this group of patients had an increased need for airway and feeding management compared with a non-syndromic RS cohort.

Design: A prospective national multicentre study of cases submitted to the Cleft Collective cohort studies.

Setting: Specialist cleft services in the UK.

Fake News, Defamation, Online Reviews, and Their Potential Devastating Consequences for Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons.

Background: Anecdotal evidence of the exposure and vulnerability of aesthetic plastic surgeons to fake news and online defamation by a minority of vociferous patients has been accruing over the past 10 to 20 years and lurks, hidden like an iceberg, beneath our specialty. Because of acute embarrassment, it is rarely, if ever, discussed in public, and the true extent of the underlying problem remains unknown.

Objectives: The authors sought to accurately document the true magnitude of defamation in British aesthetic plastic surgery.

Bilateral musculus sternalis - An anatomical and clinical review.

The musculus sternalis is an extremely rare anatomical variant of the anterior chest wall. A detailed review of the anatomy, historical background and prevalence of the sternalis muscle is presented, with both the significant radiological and surgical implications of this variant specifically discussed.

The Role of Tranexamic Acid in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery: A Survey of the British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons.

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) can reduce intra- and postoperative bleeding as well as minimizing postoperative swelling and ecchymosis. It can be administered both intravenously and topically during surgery with minimal side effects.

Objectives: To assess the evidence of TXA use in aesthetic surgery and to complete a survey of current practice of full British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons members.

A systematic review of psychological interventions in total hip and knee arthroplasty.

Background: The current practice in elective orthopaedics does not routinely include psychological interventions despite evidence that psychological factors such as personality, anxiety, depression and negative thinking styles can influence outcomes and recovery from surgery. The objective of this paper was to review the effectiveness of psychological interventions used in conjunction with total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA), in improving patient reported joint outcomes.

Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

The Craniofacial and Upper Limb Management of Nager Syndrome.

Introduction: Nager syndrome is a rare condition characterized by craniofacial and upper limb abnormalities. It is commonly mistaken for Treacher Collins syndrome, with which it shares the same craniofacial phenotype. However, patients with Treacher Collins do not exhibit hand anomalies, which are seen in patients with Nager syndrome.

The Management of Nonsyndromic, Isolated Sagittal Synostosis.

Aim: Isolated sagittal synostosis is the commonest form of craniosynostosis. The reasons for surgery are to normalize the head shape and to increase the cranial volume, thus reducing the risk of raised intracranial pressure and allowing for normal brain development. It has been suggested that sagittal synostosis may impair neuropsychological development.

Older maternal age is associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in young adult female offspring.

The evidence regarding older parental age and incidence of mood disorder symptoms in offspring is limited, and that which exists is mixed. We sought to clarify these relationships by using data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. The Raine Study provided comprehensive data from 2,900 pregnancies, resulting in 2,868 live born children.

Does late childbearing increase the risk for behavioural problems in children? A longitudinal cohort study.

Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between advanced parental age and behavioural outcomes in offspring in a longitudinal cohort of children in Western Australia.

Methods: The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) is a prospective study of 2900 pregnancies. Offspring were followed up at ages 2, 5, 8, 10, 14, and 17 years, and 1754 adolescents were available for follow-up at 17 years.

Maternal and family factors and child eating pathology: risk and protective relationships.

Background: Previous studies have found associations between maternal and family factors and child eating disorder symptoms. However, it is not clear whether family factors predict eating disorder symptoms specifically, or relate to more general child psychopathology, of which eating disorder symptoms may be one component. This study aimed to identify maternal and family factors that may predict increases or decreases in child eating disorder symptoms over time, accounting for children's body mass index z-scores and levels of general psychological distress.

A long-term evaluation of 150 costochondral nasal grafts.

Introduction: This paper reviewed the outcome of cantilevered costochondral grafts used for dorsal nasal augmentation in the management of patients treated at the Australian Craniofacial Unit (ACFU), Adelaide over a 29-year period.

Materials And Methods: All patients undergoing dorsal nasal augmentation with costochondral grafts as part of their craniofacial management between 1981 and 2009 were identified using the ACFU database, and their medical notes were reviewed.

Results: 107 patients (50 M, 57 F), with a mean age of 12.

Poly implant prothèse (PIP) breast implants: our experience.

Introduction: This study describes our experience on the management of patients with PIP (Poly Implant Prothèse) breast implants between 2000 and 2008.

Materials And Methods: The medical records of patients were reviewed. Data was collected on clinical presentation, investigations, management and outcome.

Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy predict parent-reported difficult temperament in infancy.

Objective: Recent research has linked hypertensive diseases of pregnancy with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood and adulthood. This study aimed to establish whether such effects are observed in infancy.

Methods: This was a prospective pregnancy cohort study of 2,785 pregnancies with complete data on hypertensive diseases of pregnancy.

Delivery at 37 weeks' gestation is associated with a higher risk for child behavioural problems.

Background: Advances in obstetric care have been accompanied by increasing rates of intervention which often involve elective delivery at 37 weeks, soon after term gestation has been achieved.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the behavioural sequelae for children born at this early term gestational age compared with those born at later weeks.

Methods: The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study provided comprehensive obstetric data from 2900 pregnancies.

Evaluation of a new measure of mood intolerance, the Tolerance of Mood States Scale (TOMS): psychometric properties and associations with eating disorder symptoms.

Objective: This research aimed to (i) validate a new measure of mood intolerance, the Tolerance of Mood States (TOMS) scale, and (ii) to examine associations between TOMS scores and eating pathology.

Methods: The original TOMS was developed and evaluated using the data from 258 adult participants. The measure consisted of two separate scales, initially with a total of 64 items, with this reduced to 34 items through exploratory factor analyses.

The Eating Disorder Inventory-2 Perfectionism scale: factor structure and associations with dietary restraint and weight and shape concern in eating disorders.

The Eating Disorder Inventory-2 Perfectionism subscale (EDI-P) was originally construed as a unidimensional measure of perfectionism. However, research in non-clinical samples suggests that the EDI-P measures two dimensions of perfectionism: self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism. This study aimed to investigate the factor structure of the EDI-P in a transdiagnostic sample of females seeking treatment for an eating disorder, and to determine the unique association between EDI-P dimensions, weight and shape concern, and dietary restraint in anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorder not otherwise specified.

The nasopharynx in infants with cleft lip and palate.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to use three-dimensional computed tomography data and computer imaging technology to assess the skeletal components of the naso-pharyngeal area in patients with cleft lip and palate and to quantify anatomical variations.

Methods: CT scans were obtained from 29 patients of Malay origin with cleft lip and palate aged between 0 and 12 months and 12 noncleft patients in the same age group, using a GE Lightspeed Plus Scanner housed in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Measurements were obtained using the 'Persona' three-dimensional software package, developed at Australian Craniofacial Unit, Adelaide.

The dual-pathway and cognitive-behavioural models of binge eating: prospective evaluation and comparison.

To evaluate and compare the dual-pathway, original cognitive-behavioural, and enhanced "transdiagnostic" cognitive-behavioural models of binge eating, using prospective data from a pre-adolescent sample. Models were tested using multilevel longitudinal structural equation modelling. Participants were 236 children (48% male) aged between 8 and 13 years at baseline, who were interviewed annually over a 2-year period.

Does self-esteem mediate the relationship between interpersonal problems and symptoms of disordered eating?

It has been proposed that interpersonal problems play a role in the maintenance of disordered eating because of an adverse effect on self-esteem, which in turn encourages the pursuit of achievement in the valued domain of weight and shape. This study aimed to identify the types of interpersonal problems that are associated with disordered eating and to determine whether self-esteem mediates the relationship between interpersonal problems and eating disorder symptoms. Female university students (n = 227) completed the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-32, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.

An evaluation of the enhanced cognitive-behavioural model of bulimia nervosa.

The original cognitive-behavioural model of bulimia nervosa (BN) has been enhanced to include four additional maintaining mechanisms: low self esteem, clinical perfectionism, interpersonal problems, and mood intolerance. These models have been used to guide cognitive-behavioural treatment for BN, but the enhanced model has yet to be directly evaluated as a whole in a clinical sample. This study aimed to compare and evaluate the original and the enhanced cognitive-behavioural models of BN using structural equation modelling.

Prenatal stress and risk of behavioral morbidity from age 2 to 14 years: the influence of the number, type, and timing of stressful life events.

The maternal experience of stressful events during pregnancy has been associated with a number of adverse consequences for behavioral development in offspring, but the measurement and interpretation of prenatal stress varies among reported studies. The Raine Study recruited 2900 pregnancies and recorded life stress events experienced by 18 and 34 weeks' gestation along with numerous sociodemographic data. The mother's exposure to life stress events was further documented when the children were followed-up in conjunction with behavioral assessments at ages 2, 5, 8, 10, and 14 years using the Child Behavior Checklist.

The over-estimation of risk in pregnancy.

The concept of risk is especially salient to obstetric care. Unknown factors can still be responsible for peri-natal morbidity and mortality in circumstances that appeared to present little risk, while perfectly healthy infants are born in high-risk circumstances: a contradiction that patients and providers struggle with on a daily basis. With such contradictions comes the potential for the over-estimation of risk during pregnancy in order to assure a positive outcome.

Avoidance of affect in the eating disorders.

The Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) (Corstorphine, Mountford, Tomlinson, Waller, & Meyer, 2007) measures the tendency to use cognitive and behavioural strategies to manage the experience of positive and negative affect. This paper aimed to explore the factor structure of the DTS, particularly in relation to avoidance of affect. Participants were 227 female university students (non-clinical sample) and 257 clients seeking treatment for an eating disorder (clinical sample).