Investigation of the Copper Requirements of the Metallophyte Liverworts Douin and (Spruce) Müll.Frib.

Former mine sites can provide habitat for many rare specialised bryophyte species that have adapted to metal-rich soil conditions that are toxic to most other plant species. Some of the bryophyte species found in this habitat are facultative metallophytes, and others are regarded as strict metallophytes, the so-called 'copper mosses'. It is a general assumption in the literature that and , both categorised as Endangered in the IUCN Red List for Europe, are also strict metallophytes and obligate copper bryophytes.