The baseline diameter of the inferior vena cava measured by sonography increases with age in normovolemic children.

Objectives: To evaluate normative sonographic measurements of the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter in healthy pediatric patients.

Methods: We performed a prospective observational study of a convenience sample of healthy patients between the ages of 0 and 22 years presenting to a pediatric emergency department. Exclusion criteria included abnormal vital signs, pregnancy, or illnesses thought to influence volume status.

Quantitative analysis of the microvasculature growing in the fibrin interface between a skin graft and the recipient site.

Current tissue engineering techniques have failed to provide an established microvasculature in skin substitutes, a requisite for the maintenance of graft viability and rapid revascularization subsequent to graft transplantation in vivo. To improve outcomes for both conventional skin grafts and skin substitutes, the existing knowledge gap concerning the spatio-temporal mechanisms of skin graft revascularization must be abrogated. The current knowledge gap is due, at least in part, to a lack of appropriate diagnostic methods to quantify skin graft revascularization.