Effects of exercise therapy on chemotherapy delivery and response in primary breast cancer: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial.

Background: Whether structured exercise therapy improves chemotherapy delivery, tolerability, and tumor response is unclear.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a phase 2 trial investigating exercise therapy (n = 72) versus usual care (n = 72) in patients with primary breast cancer. Exercise therapy comprised individualized treadmill walking three times weekly for 20-50 minutes per session at 55%-100% of pretreatment exercise capacity.

Evaluation of a mobile behavior change program for weight loss in breast cancer survivors.

Post-diagnosis weight gain is common in early-stage breast cancer and is associated with increased risk of recurrence and mortality. Intentional weight loss is difficult to maintain, and digital lifestyle interventions may provide a scalable approach to address this challenge. In this prospective single-arm study (ClinicalTrials.

Dose/Exposure Relationship of Exercise and Distant Recurrence in Primary Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Postdiagnosis exercise is associated with lower breast cancer (BC) mortality but its link with risk of recurrence is less clear. We investigated the impact and dose-response relationship of exercise and recurrence in patients with primary BC.

Methods: Multicenter prospective cohort analysis among 10,359 patients with primary BC from 26 centers in France between 2012 and 2018 enrolled in the CANcer TOxicities study, with follow-up through October 2021.

Enhancing Early-Stage Breast Cancer Survivorship: Evidence-Based Strategies, Surveillance Testing, and Imaging Guidelines.

Addressing the challenges of survivorship necessitates a comprehensive, patient-centered approach, focusing on mitigating risk through lifestyle modification, identifying distant recurrence, and optimization of breast imaging. This article will discuss the current and emerging clinical strategies for the survivorship period, advocating a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach. In this manner, early-stage breast cancer survivors are empowered to navigate their journey with enhanced knowledge, facilitating a transition to life beyond cancer.

Impact of COVID-19 on patients with metastatic breast cancer: REthink Access to Care and Treatment survey results.

Patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) may be vulnerable to changes in healthcare management, safety standards and protocols that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. The REthink Access to Care & Treatment (REACT) survey assessed USA-based patient perspectives on COVID-19-related impacts to their MBC treatment experience between 27 April 2021 and 17 August 2021. Participants (n = 341; 98.

Breast Cancer Macrophage Heterogeneity and Self-renewal are Determined by Spatial Localization.

Tumor-infiltrating macrophages support critical steps in tumor progression, and their accumulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is associated with adverse outcomes and therapeutic resistance across human cancers. In the TME, macrophages adopt diverse phenotypic alterations, giving rise to heterogeneous immune activation states and induction of cell cycle. While the transcriptional profiles of these activation states are well-annotated across human cancers, the underlying signals that regulate macrophage heterogeneity and accumulation remain incompletely understood.

Incidence, risk factors, and management of alpelisib-associated hyperglycemia in metastatic breast cancer.

Purpose: The combination of fulvestrant with alpelisib, a PI3K inhibitor, improves progression-free survival in metastatic hormone receptor-positive, PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer. This study describes the incidence, risk factors, and treatment of alpelisib-associated hyperglycemia.

Methods: Patients with metastatic breast cancer who received alpelisib from 2013 to 2021 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center were included in this retrospective study.

Pre-diagnosis lipid levels and mortality after obesity-related cancer diagnosis in the Women's Health Initiative cardiovascular disease biomarker cohort.

Background: Published studies have demonstrated inconclusive relationships between serum lipid levels and mortality after cancer.

Methods: The primary objective was to evaluate the relationship between fasting lipid levels and mortality after cancer. Data were obtained on baseline lipids and outcomes after cancer from 1263 postmenopausal women diagnosed with 13 obesity-related cancers who were part of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) lipid biomarkers cohort.

Submitochondrial Protein Translocation Upon Stress Inhibits Thermogenic Energy Expenditure.

Unlabelled: Mitochondria-rich brown adipocytes dissipate cellular fuel as heat by thermogenic energy expenditure (TEE). Prolonged nutrient excess or cold exposure impair TEE and contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity, but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we report that stress-induced proton leak into the matrix interface of mitochondrial innermembrane (IM) mobilizes a group of proteins from IM into matrix, which in turn alter mitochondrial bioenergetics.

Translating energy balance research from the bench to the clinic to the community: Parallel animal-human studies in cancer.

Advances in energy balance and cancer research to date have largely occurred in siloed work in rodents or patients. However, substantial benefit can be derived from parallel studies in which animal models inform the design of clinical and population studies or in which clinical observations become the basis for animal studies. The conference Translating Energy Balance from Bench to Communities: Application of Parallel Animal-Human Studies in Cancer, held in July 2021, convened investigators from basic, translational/clinical, and population science research to share knowledge, examples of successful parallel studies, and strong research to move the field of energy balance and cancer toward practice changes.

Obesity promotes breast epithelium DNA damage in women carrying a germline mutation in .

Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30, is an established risk factor for breast cancer among women in the general population after menopause. Whether elevated BMI is a risk factor for women with a germline mutation in or is less clear because of inconsistent findings from epidemiological studies and a lack of mechanistic studies in this population. Here, we show that DNA damage in normal breast epithelia of women carrying a mutation is positively correlated with BMI and with biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction.

Biomineralogical signatures of breast microcalcifications.

Microcalcifications, primarily biogenic apatite, occur in cancerous and benign breast pathologies and are key mammographic indicators. Outside the clinic, numerous microcalcification compositional metrics (e.g.

Insulin-Lowering Diets in Metastatic Cancer.

Hyperinsulinemia is an independent risk factor for cancer mortality. Insulin-lowering dietary strategies such as calorie restriction (CR), low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diets (KD), and intermittent fasting (IF) are aimed at reducing systemic stores of nutrients utilized by cancer cells, attenuating insulin-related growth signaling, and improving obesity-related metabolic parameters. In this narrative review, we searched the published literature for studies that tested various insulin-lowering diets in metastatic cancer in preclinical and clinical settings.

Adjuvant enzalutamide for the treatment of early-stage androgen-receptor positive, triple-negative breast cancer: a feasibility study.

Purpose: Chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). A subset of TNBCs express the androgen receptor (AR), representing a potential new therapeutic target. This study assessed the feasibility of adjuvant enzalutamide, an AR antagonist, in early-stage, AR-positive (AR +) TNBC.

Plant-Based and Ketogenic Diets As Diverging Paths to Address Cancer: A Review.

Importance: As the incidence of cancer and metabolic disorders, such as obesity, concurrently rise, there has been increasing awareness of the pervasive effect of nutrition. The whole foods plant-based diet (WFPBD) and ketogenic diet (KD) have gained popularity in oncology, and this topic is increasingly permeating clinical dialogue.

Observations: Dietary intake is associated with multiple pathways involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression.

Impact of obesity and white adipose tissue inflammation on the omental microenvironment in endometrial cancer.

Background: A complex relationship between adipose tissue and malignancy, involving an inflammatory response, has been reported. The goal of this work was to assess the prevalence of white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation in patients with endometrial cancer (EC), and the association with circulating inflammation markers. Furthermore, the aim was to characterize the pathways activated in and the cell type composition of adipose tissue in patients with EC.

Association between physical activity and neoadjuvant chemotherapy completion and pathologic complete response in primary breast cancer: the CANTO study.

Background: Regular physical activity is associated with improved symptom control in patients with breast cancer but its association with chemotherapy completion or response is unclear.

Methods: Using a prospective design, 1075 breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy between March 2012 and February 2017 were studied. Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire [GPAQ-16], quantified in standardised MET-h/wk.

Obesity and Breast Cancer Risk: The Oncogenic Implications of Metabolic Dysregulation.

Context: Breast cancer is increasing in prevalence in parallel with rising rates of obesity worldwide. Obesity is recognized as a leading modifiable risk factor for the development of breast cancer; however, this association varies considerably by clinicopathologic features, and the underlying mechanisms are complex.

Evidence Acquisition: Pubmed literature search using combinations of "obesity," "breast cancer risk," "diet," "exercise," "weight gain," "weight loss," "adipose tissue inflammation," "crown-like structure," "immune markers," "metformin," "gliflozins," "SGLT-2i," "GLP1-RA," and related terms.

Increased trunk fat is associated with altered gene expression in breast tissue of normal weight women.

Increased trunk fat is associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer in normal-weight postmenopausal women. The main objective of this study was to determine whether levels of trunk fat are associated with changes in breast gene expression in normal-weight women. Non-tumorous breast tissue was collected from 32 normal BMI women who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer risk reduction or treatment.

Comparing Outcomes of a Digital Commercial Weight Loss Program in Adult Cancer Survivors and Matched Controls with Overweight or Obesity: Retrospective Analysis.

Maintaining a healthy weight is beneficial for cancer survivors. However, weight loss program effectiveness studies have primarily been in highly controlled settings. This is a retrospective study exploring real-world outcomes (weight loss and program engagement) after use of a digital commercial weight loss program (Noom) in cancer survivors and matched controls.

Blood biomarkers reflect the effects of obesity and inflammation on the human breast transcriptome.

Obesity is a risk factor for the development of post-menopausal breast cancer. Breast white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, which is commonly found in women with excess body fat, is also associated with increased breast cancer risk. Both local and systemic effects are probably important for explaining the link between excess body fat, adipose inflammation and breast cancer.