Asymmetric distribution in twin screw granulation.

Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT) was successfully employed to validate measured transverse asymmetry in material distribution in the conveying zones of a Twin Screw Granulator (TSG). Flow asymmetry was established to be a property of the granulator geometry and dependent on fill level. The liquid distribution of granules as a function of fill level was determined.

Thiol modification of silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite nanocrystals facilitates fluorescent labelling and visualisation of cellular internalisation.

Calcium phosphates are used widely as orthopaedic implants and in nanocrystalline form to enable the transfer of genetic material into cells. Despite widespread use, little is known about their fate after they have crossed the cell membrane. Here we present a method of surface modification of silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (SiHA) through a silane group, which enables the engraftment of a fluorescent dye to facilitate real-time biological tracking.

Twin screw wet granulation: the study of a continuous twin screw granulator using Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT) technique.

In this paper, Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT) techniques are utilised to track the trajectory of single particles through the mixing and conveying zones of a Twin Screw Granulator (TSG). A TSG consisting of conveying zones and mixing zones is used in this study. The mixing zones are arranged with kneading discs at an angle of 30°, 60° or 90°.

Modification of ilmenite surface chemistry for enhancing surfactants adsorption and bubble attachment.

In this study, microwave irradiation is used to modify ilmenite surface chemistry to enhance the adsorption of surfactants and the air bubble attachment. The results indicate that microwave irradiation can increase ilmenite flotation recovery by 20%. A positron emission particle tracking technique is used to study the dynamic behaviour of ilmenite particles in a Denver cell.

Laboratory scale bioremediation of acid mine water drainage from a disused tin mine.

Real acidic mine-water drainage was seeded with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to catalyse the removal of iron contained therein. The addition of At. ferrooxidans increased metal precipitation kinetics and decreased the water iron content by approximately 70%.

Bioreduction and biocrystallization of palladium by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans NCIMB 8307.

The reduction of Pd(II) to Pd(0) was accelerated by using the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans NCIMB 8307 at the expense of formate or H(2) as electron donors at pH 2-7. With formate no reduction occurred at pH 2, but with H(2) 50% of the activity was retained at pH 2, with the maximum rate (1.3-1.