Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses and the Risk of Keratinocyte Carcinomas.

Cutaneous human papillomavirus (cuHPV) infections may be novel targets for skin cancer prevention and treatment, but critical information regarding the development of virus-positive skin cancers following cuHPV infection has been lacking. In this study, baseline cuHPV infection was measured by serology and viral DNA detection in eyebrow hairs (EBH) and forearm skin swabs (SSW) among 1,008 individuals undergoing routine skin cancer screening exams and followed for incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC). Baseline β-HPV detection, particularly in SSW, significantly predicted cuSCC (HR = 4.

Association between Human Polyomaviruses and Keratinocyte Carcinomas: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: A positive association between Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) infection and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) has been observed in at least one previous case-control study. To evaluate this association in a prospective context, we investigated infections with human polyomaviruses (HPyV), including MCPyV, as predictors of keratinocyte carcinomas, including cuSCC and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), among a cohort of immunocompetent individuals enrolled in the Viruses in Skin Cancer (VIRUSCAN) Study.

Methods: Associations between markers of baseline HPyV infection (serum antibodies and viral DNA in eyebrow hairs and skin swabs) and incident keratinocyte carcinomas were modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Cutaneous viral infections associated with ultraviolet radiation exposure.

The complex interplay between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and cutaneous viral infections in the context of cancer etiology is challenging to unravel, given the limited information on the independent association between UVR and cutaneous viral infections. Using multiple biomarkers of infection with 24 types of cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) and 4 types of polyomaviruses (HPyV), we investigated cross-sectional associations with recent UVR exposure, using skin pigmentation measured by spectrophotometer. Age- and sex-adjusted associations between UVR and viral seropositivity, viral DNA present in eyebrow hairs (EBH) and skin swabs (SSW) were estimated using logistic regression.

Viruses in Skin Cancer (VIRUSCAN): Study Design and Baseline Characteristics of a Prospective Clinic-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that cutaneous viral infections are risk factors for the development of keratinocyte carcinomas. The Viruses in Skin Cancer (VIRUSCAN) Study, a prospective cohort study, was established in 2014 to investigate the risk of keratinocyte carcinoma associated with cutaneous human papillomavirus and polyomavirus infection and the possible interaction with ultraviolet radiation exposure (UVR).

Methods/results: VIRUSCAN incorporates repeated measures of viral infection using multiple markers of infection and quantitative measures of UVR using a spectrophotometer.

Cutaneous Viral Infections Across 2 Anatomic Sites Among a Cohort of Patients Undergoing Skin Cancer Screening.

Background: Findings from previous studies of cutaneous human papillomavirus (cuHPV) infection and keratinocyte carcinomas have varied due to several factors, including use of different sample types for cuHPV DNA detection. Elucidating the relationship between cuHPV infection in eyebrow hairs (EBHs) and skin swabs (SSWs) is critical for advancing the design of future studies.

Methods: DNA corresponding to 46 β-HPV and 52 γ-HPV types was measured in EBHs and SSWs obtained from 370 individuals undergoing routine skin cancer screening examinations.

IgG4-related skin disease may have distinct systemic manifestations: a systematic review.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an increasingly prevalent protean multisystem disorder characterized by single or multi-organ infiltration of IgG4-bearing plasma cells. Skin involvement has been recognized and is relevant to proper diagnosis. A systematic literature review of 50 cases involving the skin reveals that patients with IgG4-related skin disease show predominant involvement of the head and neck and have a distinct pattern of systemic involvement, also favoring the head and neck - lymphatics, orbit, salivary, and lacrimal glands - but generally lacking pancreaticobiliary involvement (16% of cases), which by contrast is a predominant manifestation in systemic IgG4-RD (60% with pancreaticobiliary involvement).

Case-control study of genus-beta human papillomaviruses in plucked eyebrow hairs and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPV) have been reported in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We conducted a clinic-based case-control study to investigate the association between genus-beta HPV DNA in eyebrow hairs (EBH) and SCC. EBH from 168 SCC cases and 290 controls were genotyped for genus-beta HPV DNA.

Telomere length and risk of melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma.

Background: Telomeres help maintain chromosomal structure and may influence tumorigenesis. We examined the association between telomere length and skin cancer in a clinic-based case-control study of 198 melanoma cases, 136 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases, 185 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cases, and 372 healthy controls.

Methods: Cases were histologically confirmed patients treated at the Moffitt Cancer Center and University of South Florida Dermatology Clinic in Tampa, FL.

Case-control study of cutaneous human papillomavirus infection in Basal cell carcinoma of the skin.

Genus-β human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has been detected in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tumors, but most epidemiologic studies have not observed associations between genus-β HPV seropositivity and BCC. A clinic-based case-control study was conducted to investigate cutaneous HPV infection in BCC. BCC cases (n=224) were recruited from a dermatology clinic, and controls (n=300) were patients who were screened negative for skin cancer.

Patterns and timing of sunlight exposure and risk of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin--a case-control study.

Background: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), comprised of basal (BCC) and squamous (SCC) cell carcinomas, is the most common cancer in Caucasians. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the most important environmental risk factor for NMSC. However, the precise relationship between UVR and the risk of NMSC is complex, and the relationship may differ by skin cancer type.

Unilateral telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans of the breast.

We report a case of a 22-year-old female with an asymptomatic telangiectatic rash involving her left breast of 10 years' duration. Biopsies revealed cularis findings consistent with telangiectasia m a eruptiva perstans (TMEP). Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans most often presents in a symmetric fashion; our patient represents an unusual case of unilateral TMEP involving the breast.

Reticular erythematous mucinosis--a review.

Reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM) is a rare cutaneous condition often referred to as plaque-like mucinosis and midline mucinosis. Although the exact etiology remains undefined, efforts to elucidate pathogenesis, disease associations, and prospective treatment modalities have been encouraging. Induction of the disease has been associated with viral processes, solar irradiation, specific cell lines, and cytokines such as Interleukin (IL)-1β.

Case-control study of cutaneous human papillomaviruses in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.

Background: Cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may be a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin.

Methods: To investigate the association between cutaneous HPV and SCC, a case-control study was conducted, including 173 SCC cases from a university dermatology clinic and 300 controls that screened negative for skin cancer. Serum antibodies against cutaneous HPV types in genera alpha, beta, gamma, mu, and nu were measured.

Sunlight exposure and cutaneous human papillomavirus seroreactivity in basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin.

Background: Ultraviolet radiation exposure may interact synergistically with cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin.

Methods: To investigate differences in the risk of sunlight-associated BCC and SCC by cutaneous genus-specific HPV serostatus, a case-control study was conducted among 204 BCC and 156 SCC cases who were recruited from a university dermatology clinic and 297 controls who had no history of cancer and screened negative for current skin cancer. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between measures of sunlight exposure and BCC/SCC, stratified by genus-specific HPV serostatus, with adjustment for age and sex.

Advances in the chemoprevention of non-melanoma skin cancer in high-risk organ transplant recipients.

Patients with a history of more than four basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) or squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are at high risk for developing further skin cancers. Immunosuppressed patients, especially solid organ transplantation patients, harbor a higher risk of developing SCC. Systemic retinoids have been demonstrated to possess chemoprophylactic properties in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer.

Case-control study of smoking and non-melanoma skin cancer.

Objective: To investigate the association between cigarette smoking and basal and squamous cell carcinomas (BCC and SCC) of the skin, a clinic-based case-control study was conducted in Tampa, FL.

Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed BCC/SCC were recruited from a university dermatology clinic (n = 215 BCC, 165 SCC). Controls were comprised of individuals with no history of skin cancer who screened negative for skin cancer upon physical examination at the affiliated cancer screening or primary care clinics (n = 315).

Profound proliferating angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia of pregnancy mimicking angiosarcoma.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a rare benign vascular proliferation that clinically manifests as nodules and papules of the head and neck region. We report a profound, rapidly proliferating case of ALHE in a 3-week postpartum woman that clinically mimicked angiosarcoma. The clinical and histologic features of ALHE, Kitamura disease, and cutaneous angiosarcoma are reviewed, and the relationship between ALHE and pregnancy is discussed.

Case-control study of Merkel cell polyomavirus infection and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) DNA has been reported in 0% to 25% of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) occurring in immunocompetent individuals. We conducted the first serologic case-control study of MCV and SCC.

Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed cutaneous SCC (n = 173) were recruited from a university dermatology clinic.

Familial pityriasis rubra pilaris: report of a family and therapeutic response to etanercept.

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is an uncommon dermatosis of unknown etiology. The familial subtype is rare and usually presents as type V PRP. It is generally inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion with variable expression.

Unilateral lichen planus pigmentosus mimicking acral lentiginous melanoma.

The authors report a case of a Latin American woman who developed progressive pigmentation primarily involving two digits of her right hand. She was scheduled for amputation based on a presumptive histologic diagnosis of melanoma with regression. Dermatology consultation with repeat biopsies disclosed a lichenoid tissue reaction with marked pigment incontinence and no evidence of melanoma.

The role of maintenance phototherapy in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Phototherapy is well-recognized as effective therapy in early stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (patch and plaque), often resulting in complete clearance of clinical disease and subsequent remission. Although not curable, long-term remission can often be attained utilizing maintenance phototherapy, consisting of a course of less frequent treatments over time. Herein, the authors review the literature regarding the role of maintenance phototherapy in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and its success in prolonging clinical remission and disease-free survival in CTCL.