Erratum: Challenging Cases in Urothelial Cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3233/BLC-200004.].

Pyeloduodenal Fistula in Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: A Series of Two Cases.

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation, characterized by destruction and replacement of tissues with chronic inflammatory cells, including foamy histiocytes and hemosiderin-laden macrophages, is uncommon. In patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, inflammation may extend from the kidney to the overlying duodenum, creating a pyeloduodenal fistula that further complicates medical and surgical management. We present two cases with recurrent kidney infections who each ultimately received a nephrectomy and repair of their duodenal fistula.

Morphologic characterization of preoperatively treated prostate cancer: toward a post-therapy histologic classification.

Background: Preoperative treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) changes morphology of residual tumors so that the Gleason score is no longer valid.

Objective: To codify morphologic features of preoperatively treated PCa and identify potential classifiers predictive of outcome.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We performed a detailed morphologic evaluation of specimens obtained from 115 patients with high-risk PCa who had preoperative androgen ablation, alone or in combination with chemotherapy.

Quantitative fluorescence imaging analysis for cancer biomarker discovery: application to beta-catenin in archived prostate specimens.

The surprising disparity between the number of protein-encoding genes ( approximately 30,000) in the human genome and the number of proteins ( approximately 300,000) in the human proteome has inspired the development of translational proteomics aimed at protein expression profiling of disease states. Translational proteomics, which offers the promise of early disease detection and individualized therapy, requires new methods for the analysis of clinical specimens. We have developed quantitative fluorescence imaging analysis (QFIA) for accurate, reproducible quantification of proteins in slide-mounted tissues.

Clinical significance of benign glands at surgical margins in robotic radical prostatectomy specimens.

Objectives: Completion of robotic radical prostatectomy compared with conventional open retropubic radical prostatectomy can result in different alterations in the prostatectomy specimens. One difference appears to be an increased incidence of benign glands at the margins, which has been associated with an increase in postoperative prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) levels. We compared the frequency and clinical significance of benign prostate glands at the surgical margins in radical prostatectomy specimens obtained by robotic versus open retropubic prostatectomy.

Multilocular cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Background: Multicystic prostatic tumors are rare, with only a few reported cases of prostatic cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma in the scientific literature.

Methods: A retrospective review of our tumor registry over the last 25 years identified 2 rare cystic tumors of the prostate: 1 multilocular cystadenoma and 1 multilocular cystadenocarcinoma.

Results: The first case illustrates the clinical and pathologic features of prostatic multilocular cystadenoma.

N-cadherin switching occurs in high Gleason grade prostate cancer.

Background: The inappropriate expression of non-epithelial N-(neural) cadherin by epithelial cells, called cadherin switching, has been suggested to play a role in prostate cancer (PC) progression. We explored the role of N-cadherin as a biomarker in PC by correlating the expression with clinical parameters.

Methods: Two pathologists blinded to patients' history independently reviewed and scored the intensity and extent of staining of N-cadherin expression in 44 randomly selected radical prostatectomy specimens.

The Internet for pathologists: a simple schema for evaluating pathology-related Web sites and a catalog of sites useful for practicing pathologists.

Context: With the increasing popularity of the Internet as a primary medical information source, it is critical for pathologists to be able to use and evaluate both general medical- and pathology-related Web sites. Several published models for evaluating Web sites prove cumbersome to use and often involve computer- or statistic-based algorithms.

Objectives: To develop a simple group of scoring criteria to objectively evaluate medical Web sites and provide a list of the highest-scoring pathology-related sites that will be useful to the practicing pathologist.

Oncocytic renal neoplasms: diagnostic considerations.

Advances in our understanding of renal neoplasia have resulted in recognition of numerous tumors that are composed predominantly of cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. This article discusses the features of renal oncocytoma (including oncocytosis), chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and clear cell RCC; explores the relationship between renal oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC; briefly discusses other tumors with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm; and emphasizes the differential diagnosis of such tumors.

Evidence supporting preoperative chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the bladder: a retrospective review of the M. D. Anderson cancer experience.

Purpose: Neuroendocrine tumors of the bladder comprise a small subset of all bladder tumors. To improve our understanding of this tumor and define outcomes with current management, we performed a retrospective review of these cases.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the records of 88 patients with small cell bladder carcinoma evaluated at our institution between 1985 and 2002.

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid transformation.

We present a rare case of a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that progressed to a high-grade spindle cell sarcoma. The tumor affected a 50-year-old man who had presented with right upper quadrant discomfort and hematuria and subsequently underwent a right radical nephrectomy. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of two distinct components, a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and a sarcomatoid component.

Distinguishing atrophy and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia from prostatic adenocarcinoma with and without previous adjuvant hormone therapy with the aid of cytokeratin 5/6.

We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 for distinguishing foci of atrophy from prostatic adenocarcinoma with and without previous hormonal adjuvant therapy and observed the intensity and pattern of staining in mimickers of prostatic adenocarcinoma (basal cell hyperplasia, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, and tangentially cut high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia [PIN]). We reviewed 146 acinar proliferations in 81 specimens (radical prostatectomy, previously untreated, 41; radical prostatectomy, following androgen-deprivation therapy, 11; transurethral resection, previously untreated, 29). All benign acinar proliferations stained positively for CK5/6, with immunoreactivity restricted to basal cells.

Prognostic importance of resection margin width after nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between the width of the resection margin and disease progression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). During NSS for RCC, it is standard practice to excise the tumor along with a surrounding margin of normal parenchyma (margin of resection) to ensure complete resection of the neoplasm. However, no agreement has been reached on how wide the margin of resection should be.

Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel: a study of 37 cases with emphasis on histologic prognostic factors.

Purpose: Primary small-bowel adenocarcinoma is uncommon. There are few large studies that have evaluated the prognostic impact of clinical and pathologic parameters. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the Cleveland Clinic experience with small-bowel adenocarcinoma, with emphasis on histopathologic parameters as prognostic indicators.

The utility of epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin in the diagnosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and vimentin (VMT) in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (CHRCC). We also studied the utility of EMA and VMT immunostains in helping differentiate CHRCC from renal oncocytoma and conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinoma with granular morphology (GCRCC). Immunohistochemical staining for EMA and VMT was performed on 21 cases of CHRCC, 16 cases of renal oncocytoma, and 28 cases of GCRCC.

Pulmonary hemangiomas of infancy and childhood: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Pulmonary hemangiomas are exceptionally rare in childhood and more so in infancy. They may involve the airways or the parenchyma, and may be localized or multifocal. We present two cases of pulmonary capillary hemangiomas.