Niobium treated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation with calcium and phosphorus electrolytes.

Niobium plates were electrochemically treated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) with electrolytes containing phosphorous and/or calcium. Three different electrolyte and experimental parameters were used forming three different surfaces. Film morphology, thickness, and chemical composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).

Apatite grown in niobium by two-step plasma electrolytic oxidation.

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of niobium plates were done electrochemically in two steps with electrolytes containing phosphorous and calcium being observed the formation of crystalline apatite. All samples were submitted to a first step of PEO using an electrolyte containing phosphate ions. The second oxidization step was made using three different electrolytes.

Nanomechanical and nanotribological properties of bioactive titanium surfaces prepared by alkali treatment.

Alkali-heat treatment (AHT) is a simple and practical method to make titanium surfaces bioactive. Hydroxyapatite nucleates on Ti when in contact with body fluids due to the presence of a thin sodium titanate film produced by the AHT. This method was proposed more than a decade ago and it has been widely investigated at varied scopes.