Erratum to: Association between Modifiable Risk Factors and Levels of Blood-Based Biomarkers of Alzheimer's and Related Dementias in the Look AHEAD Cohort.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14283/jarlife.2024.

Association between Modifiable Risk Factors and Levels of Blood-Based Biomarkers of Alzheimer's and Related Dementias in the Look AHEAD Cohort.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that a number of factors can influence blood-based biomarker levels for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Alzheimer's related dementias (ADRD). We examined the associations that demographic and clinical characteristics have with AD/ADRD blood-based biomarker levels in an observational continuation of a clinical trial cohort of older individuals with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity.

Methods: Participants aged 45-76 years were randomized to a 10-year Intensive Lifestyle Intervention (ILI) or a diabetes support and education (DSE) condition.

Rationale, design, and cohort characteristics of the Action for Health in Diabetes Aging study.

Introduction: Diabetes and overweight/obesity are described as accelerating aging processes, yet many individuals with these conditions maintain high levels of cognitive and physical function and independence late into life. The Look AHEAD Aging study is designed to identify 20-year trajectories of behaviors, risk factors, and medical history associated with resilience against geriatric syndromes and aging-related cognitive and physical functional deficits among individuals with these conditions.

Methods: Look AHEAD Aging extends follow-up of the cohort of the former 10-year Look AHEAD trial.

Effect of Baseline BMI and IL-6 Subgroup Membership on Gait Speed Response to Caloric Restriction in Older Adults with Obesity.

Background: Prior work shows caloric restriction (CR) can improve physical function among older adults living with obesity. However, the contribution of starting weight and inflammatory burden to CR-associated functional improvements is unclear. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if CR-associated gait speed change varied by body mass index (BMI) and plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) at baseline and secondarily to determine the contribution of BMI change and IL-6 change to gait speed change.

Vitamin D Supplementation and Muscle Power, Strength and Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations (<30 ng/mL [<50 nmol/L]) have been associated with muscle weakness and impaired physical performance in observational studies. However, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on changes in muscle strength and physical performance in randomized controlled trials has been mixed.

Objectives: To determine the effect of daily vitamin D supplementation on leg power, strength, and physical performance in low-functioning older adults with 25(OH)D concentrations of 18 to <30 ng/mL.

The Association of Total Knee Arthroplasty With Weight Loss in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Clinical Trial.

Background: Patients who have obesity seldom lose weight after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial randomized patients with type 2 diabetes who were overweight or had obesity to a 10-year intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) or diabetes support and education (DSE).

Methods: Of the total 5,145 participants enrolled who had a median 14-year follow-up, a subset of 4,624 met inclusion criteria.

Factors associated with falls in older adults: A secondary analysis of a 12-month randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: While identifying older adults at risk for falls is important, fall prediction models have had limited success, in part because of a poor understanding of which physical function measures to include. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to determine physical function measures that are associated with future falls in older adults.

Methods: In a 12-month trial comparing Vitamin D supplementation versus placebo on neuromuscular function, 124 older adults completed physical function measures at baseline, including the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up and Go, tests of leg strength and power, standing balance on a force plate with firm and foam surfaces, and walking over an instrumented walkway.

Association of cognition with leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The 10-year intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) of the Look AHEAD study left a legacy of relative deficits in cognitive function among participants who entered the clinical trial with obesity or a history of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that altered levels of two weight-sensitive proangiogenic cytokines, leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), accounted for this concerning finding.

Methods: Serum leptin and VEGF concentrations were determined in 1,279 Look AHEAD participants at baseline, proximal to cessation of the interventions (Epoch 1), and an average of 4 years later (Epoch 2).

Examining the Role of Nonsurgical Therapy in the Treatment of Geriatric Urinary Incontinence.

Objective: To examine the role of physical function impairments on the change in urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms after pelvic floor muscle training in older women.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 70 community-dwelling participants, older than age 70 years, with at least moderate incontinence symptoms. A comprehensive pelvic floor and physical function assessment was done at baseline.

Estimating heterogeneity of physical function treatment response to caloric restriction among older adults with obesity.

Clinical trials conventionally test aggregate mean differences and assume homogeneous variances across treatment groups. However, significant response heterogeneity may exist. The purpose of this study was to model treatment response variability using gait speed change among older adults participating in caloric restriction (CR) trials.

Weight Change During the Postintervention Follow-up of Look AHEAD.

Objective: Patients with type 2 diabetes are encouraged to lose weight, but excessive weight loss in older adults may be a marker of poor health and subsequent mortality. We examined weight change during the postintervention period of Look AHEAD, a randomized trial comparing intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) with diabetes support and education (DSE) (control) in overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes and sought to identify predictors of excessive postintervention weight loss and its association with mortality.

Research Design And Methods: These secondary analyses compared postintervention weight change (year 8 to final visit; median 16 years) in ILI and DSE in 3,999 Look AHEAD participants.

Predictors of Clinically Meaningful Gait Speed Response to Caloric Restriction Among Older Adults Participating in Weight Loss Interventions.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine whether select baseline characteristics influenced the likelihood of an overweight/obese, older adult experiencing a clinically meaningful gait speed response (±0.05 m/s) to caloric restriction (CR).

Methods: Individual level data from 1 188 older adults participating in 8, 5/6-month, weight loss interventions were pooled, with treatment arms collapsed into CR (n = 667) or no CR (NoCR; n = 521) categories.

The geriatric incontinence syndrome: Characterizing geriatric incontinence in older women.

Objectives: Among older women, the clinical presentation of urinary incontinence (UI) is heterogeneous; presenting as a pelvic floor condition or geriatric syndrome. We aimed to characterize the geriatric incontinence syndrome (GIS) to establish its foundation in clinical practice.

Design: Prospective study.

Legacy of a 10-Year Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention on the Cognitive Trajectories of Individuals with Overweight/Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Weight loss and increased physical activity interventions are commonly recommended for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity. We examined the impact of randomization to an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) on trajectories of cognitive function over 10 years in a cohort of participants in a randomized clinical trial who had T2D and overweight/obesity at baseline.

Methods: Participants aged 45-76 years were enrolled in 2001-2004 and were randomized to the ILI or a diabetes support and education (DSE) condition.

Changes in mood and health-related quality of life in Look AHEAD 6 years after termination of the lifestyle intervention.

Objective: The Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) study previously reported that intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) reduced incident depressive symptoms and improved health-related quality of life (HRQOL) over nearly 10 years of intervention compared with a control group (the diabetes support and education group [DSE]) in participants with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. The present study compared incident depressive symptoms and changes in HRQOL in these groups for an additional 6 years following termination of the ILI in September 2012.

Methods: A total of 1,945 ILI participants and 1,900 DSE participants completed at least one of four planned postintervention assessments at which weight, mood (via the Patient Health Questionnaire-9), antidepressant medication use, and HRQOL (via the Medical Outcomes Scale, Short Form-36) were measured.

Sex-related differences in cognitive trajectories in older individuals with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity.

Introduction: It is unknown whether rates of cognitive decline differ between older women and men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity.

Methods: Two to four cognitive assessments were obtained across up to 10 years from 2799 adults (mean age 68 years; 62% women) with T2D who had been enrolled in a clinical trial of weight loss intervention. Sex-related differences in means and rates of decline of cognitive scores were assessed.

Waist Circumference Change During Intensive Lifestyle Intervention and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in the Look AHEAD Trial.

Objective: The Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial was a randomized trial comparing effects of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) and diabetes support and education (DSE) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. A secondary analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between change in weight and waist circumference (WC) and CVD outcomes.

Methods: Participants (N = 5,490) were classified into four categories based on change in weight and WC between baseline and year 1 (both increased, both decreased, etc.

Long-term Change in Physiological Markers and Cognitive Performance in Type 2 Diabetes: The Look AHEAD Study.

Context: The effects of physiological improvements on cognitive function among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are not fully understood.

Objective: To determine whether improvements in physiological markers (body weight, blood sugar control, and physical activity) during intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) are associated with enhancements in cognitive function in older adults with T2DM.

Design: Multisite randomized controlled trial.

Association of Sex or Race With the Effect of Weight Loss on Physical Function: A Secondary Analysis of 8 Randomized Clinical Trials.

Importance: Consideration of differential treatment effects among subgroups in clinical trial research is a topic of increasing interest. This is an especially salient issue for weight loss trials.

Objective: To determine whether stratification by sex and race is associated with meaningful differences in physical function response to weight loss among older adults.

Weight Change 2 Years After Termination of the Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in the Look AHEAD Study.

Objective: This study evaluated weight changes after cessation of the 10-year intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study. It was hypothesized that ILI participants would be more likely to gain weight during the 2-year observational period following termination of weight-loss-maintenance counseling than would participants in the diabetes support and education (DSE) control group.

Methods: Look AHEAD was a randomized controlled trial that compared the effects of ILI and DSE on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in participants with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Association of the Intensive Lifestyle Intervention With Total Knee Replacement in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Clinical Trial.

Background: Evidence has established obesity as a risk factor for total knee replacement (TKR) due to osteoarthritis. Obesity is a risk factor for TKR. Randomized trials such as Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) have shown long-term successful weight loss with an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI).

Bariatric Surgery vs Lifestyle Intervention for Diabetes Treatment: 5-Year Outcomes From a Randomized Trial.

Context: Questions remain about bariatric surgery for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment.

Objective: Compare the remission of T2DM following surgical or nonsurgical treatments.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized controlled trial at the University of Pittsburgh, in the United States.

Impact of Body Weight Dynamics Following Intentional Weight Loss on Fracture Risk: Results from The Action for Health in Diabetes Study.

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of body weight change following intentional weight loss on incident fracture and bone mineral density (BMD) in overweight and obese adults with diabetes. A total of 1885 individuals with type 2 diabetes (baseline age: 58.5 ± 6.