Navigating Perinatal Challenges: A Comprehensive Review of Hepatitis B Viral Infection and Pregnancy Outcomes.

Hepatitis B viral infection poses a significant challenge during pregnancy, as the risk of vertical transmission carries serious consequences for both maternal and neonatal well-being. This comprehensive review delves into the intricacies surrounding hepatitis B infection during the perinatal period, shedding light on its impact on pregnancy outcomes and stressing the necessity of addressing it within the broader framework of perinatal care. By scrutinizing current evidence, diagnostic methodologies, management techniques, and preventive measures, this review emphasizes the urgent need for enhanced screening protocols, timely interventions, and augmented public health initiatives.

Unveiling the Role of Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) in Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.

Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) presents unique challenges due to its occurrence during or shortly after pregnancy. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) has emerged as a potential biomarker and regulator in PABC. This comprehensive review examines the role of PAPP-A in PABC, highlighting its involvement in tissue remodeling and cancer progression.

Navigating Fertility Challenges: A Comprehensive Review of Microsurgery for Fallopian Tubal Re-canalization in the Era of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF).

The journey of addressing fertility challenges, especially in the context of fallopian tubal issues, has witnessed remarkable advancements. This comprehensive review delves into microsurgery for fallopian tubal re-canalization within the era of in vitro fertilization (IVF). The review begins by providing the historical backdrop, tracing the evolution of this surgical technique, and highlighting the transformative impact of microsurgical methods and instrumentation on its precision and outcomes.

Unraveling the Role of Maternal Serum Ferritin Levels in Preterm Delivery: A Comprehensive Review.

Preterm delivery remains a critical global health concern, with numerous adverse consequences for both neonate and healthcare systems. Understanding the relationship between maternal ferritin levels, as a marker of iron status, and the risk of preterm birth is the focal point of this comprehensive review. We provide insights into the multifaceted nature of this connection, highlighting factors that influence maternal ferritin levels, including dietary intake, genetic and physiological variations, comorbidities, and iron supplementation.

Routine vaginal examination to assess labor progress at 8 compared to 4 hours after early amniotomy following Foley balloon ripening in the labor induction of multiparas: a randomized trial.

Background: Vaginal examination to monitor labor progress is recommended at least every 4 hours, but it can cause pain and embarrassment to women. Trial data are limited on the best intensity for vaginal examination. Vaginal examination is not needed for oxytocin dose titration after an amniotomy has been performed and oxytocin infusion started.

Interfollicular Hodgkin's lymphoma: A diagnostic challenge for pathologists.

Interfollicular Hodgkin's lymphoma (IFHL) is a rare pattern of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (CHL) showing reactive follicular hyperplasia with involvement of the interfollicular area by HL. Two cases are reported in this study having primary IFHL out of total of 500 cases of CHL reported at our center. Diagnosis of IFHL was made on the basis of morphological and immunohistochemical features.

Empowering Women's Health: Insights Into HPV Vaccination and the Prevention of Invasive Cervical Cancer.

This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in empowering women's health by preventing invasive cervical cancer. Cervical cancer remains a significant global health concern, with HPV infection identified as a primary causative factor. The review synthesizes current research findings, epidemiological data, and clinical outcomes to offer a nuanced understanding of the impact of HPV vaccination on cervical cancer prevention.

Usefulness of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia ROP (CHOP ROP) model in the prediction of type 1 ROP.

Purpose: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia retinopathy of prematurity (CHOP ROP) model can be used to predict ROP, a leading cause of childhood blindness, using risk factors such as postnatal weight gain, birth weight (BW), and gestation age (GA). The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of the CHOP ROP for the prediction of treatable ROP.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study.

Watermelon and dietary advice compared to dietary advice alone following hospitalization for hyperemesis gravidarum: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) affects about 2% of pregnancies and is at the severe end of the spectrum of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. HG causes severe maternal distress and results in adverse pregnancy outcomes long after the condition may have dissipated. Although dietary advice is a common tool in management, trial evidence to base the advice on is lacking.

Self-monitoring of blood glucose two-weekly versus weekly in gestational diabetes on nutrition therapy: A randomized trial.

Objective: To evaluate 4-point per day self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) every 2 weeks compared with every week.

Methods: A total of 104 patients with lifestyle-controlled gestational diabetes (GDMA1) were randomized to 2-weekly or weekly 4-point per day (fasting on awakening and 2-h post-meals) SMBG. Primary outcome was the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level from enrollment to 36 weeks of pregnancy across trial arms.

Incorporation of podcast as an adjunctive study material for national board examination: A preliminary study.

Background: In 2020, higher education embraced alternative content delivery to provide academic instruction to accommodate for the pandemic. Although this adaptation of content delivery was temporary for some, the uses of YouTube videos, Podcast, and distance learning have been an increasingly desired format for students. The transition of the traditionally two-part National Board Dental Examination into a one-part, integrating biomedical, behavioral, and clinical sciences initiated in 2018 started with limited study resources.

Study to evaluate the relation between weight gain in infants and occurrence of retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness. Capturing serial daily postnatal weight gain can act as an innovative, low-cost method of risk stratification. We aim to study the relation between weight gain in infants and occurrence of ROP.

Central retinal vein occlusion as primary ocular manifestation of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: A case report.

Mucormycosis is a serious, rapidly progressing, life-threatening, and sight threatening fungal infection frequently seen in diabetics and immunocompromised patients. We report a rare occurrence of rhino-orbital mucormycosis presenting as unilateral central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and no other ocular signs of infection in a 65-year-old diabetic male. The definitive diagnosis was made by nasal biopsy which confirmed broad branching aseptate fungal hyphae.

Visual outcome after manual small-incision cataract surgery by viscoexpression technique.

Purpose: Globally, cataracts have remained the major cause of blindness. Cataract accounts for 62.6% of blindness affecting 9-12 million people.

Neurofibromatosis 1: A family case series.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) or Von Recklinghausen disease comes under a group of multisystem hereditary syndromes called phakomatoses. It presents with skin, ophthalmic, bony, and systemic manifestations. We present a photographically well-documented case series of NF in a family ( = 3).

Synchronous uterine serous carcinoma and ovarian sex cord stromal tumor (thecoma)-A rare first case report.

Synchronous endometrial and ovarian carcinoma is a rare instance and it accounts for 50 to 70% of all synchronous female genital tract tumors. However, it is very rare to find synchronous endometrial carcinoma and ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor (thecoma). The present case is a 75-year-old woman with a complaint of post-menopausal vaginal bleeding.

Evaluation of prenatal central nervous system anomalies: obstetric management, fetal outcomes and chromosome abnormalities.

Objective: To study the outcomes of fetuses who were diagnosed with central nervous system (CNS) anomalies during prenatal period and to describe the obstetric management of those pregnancies.

Methods: In this retrospective study, fetuses who were detected to have central nervous system anomalies by prenatal ultrasound from January 2010 to December 2019 were recruited. Data regarding prenatal diagnosis and obstetric outcomes were retrieved from maternal and paediatric records.

Primary Ewings sarcoma in liver - A rare case report with review of literature.

Ewing's sarcoma family of tumours include both peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) and Ewing's sarcoma including both intraosseous and extra osseous sites. Rarest of all is the involvement of liver as primary site, of which only 4 case reports have been published. We report a very rare case of 4 year old male child with primary Ewing's Sarcoma in the liver along with review of literature.

Factors affecting awareness and practice of primary health care professionals towards interaction of various medications used in systemic conditions, and its effect on periodontal health.

Background: Interaction of various drugs and its effects on gingival and periodontal health is the area of concern; hence the aim of the present study was to explore factors affecting the awareness and practice of primary health care professionals towards the interaction of various medications used for systemic diseases on periodontal health.

Materials And Methods: It was a cross-sectional, descriptive, questionnaire study conducted among 203 primary health care professionals which include 94 medical officers and 109 nurses working in primary health centers in rural areas of Udaipur district. The study was conducted in December 2019.

Immunocytochemistry on scrape cellblock: An aid in the diagnosis of metastatic neoplasm with unknown primary: A series of four cases.

Scrape cellblock (SCB) is a novel technique to suggest possible primary site in fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears from the liver, lung, and lymph nodes which are the common sites of metastasis of many primary tumors. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) on SCB averts the need of more invasive diagnostic procedures and gives a conclusive diagnosis. We present a series of four cases with unknown primary site, in which ICC was done on SCB to suggest possible primary site.