Hyperglycemia enhances the generation of ROS and RNS that impair antioxidant power and cause oxidative damage in human erythrocytes.

Hyperglycemia is a state in which excess glucose circulates in blood. Erythrocytes are in direct contact with this high glucose concentration and are greatly affected by it. We have examined the effect of hyperglycemic condition on isolated human erythrocytes under in vitro conditions.

Fluoride enhances generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, oxidizes hemoglobin, lowers antioxidant power and inhibits transmembrane electron transport in isolated human red blood cells.

Fluoride is a widespread environmental pollutant that at high levels exerts numerous deleterious effects on human health. The toxic effects of fluoride are a matter of serious concern since many countries have regions of endemic fluorosis. The main source of fluoride exposure for humans is intake of contaminated groundwater.

Diminution of Oxidative Damage to Human Erythrocytes and Lymphocytes by Creatine: Possible Role of Creatine in Blood.

Creatine (Cr) is naturally produced in the body and stored in muscles where it is involved in energy generation. It is widely used, especially by athletes, as a staple supplement for improving physical performance. Recent reports have shown that Cr displays antioxidant activity which could explain its beneficial cellular effects.