Heat stress affects milk yield, milk quality, and gene expression profiles in mammary cells of Girolando cows.

Heat stress during lactation affects the physiological responses, hormonal release, health, and productivity of dairy cows. However, the adverse effects of heat stress on milk synthesis, immune response, and cellular apoptosis in mammary cells remains unknown in Bos indicus cows. This study aimed to understand the relationship between milk yield, milk quality, and the expression of genes related to milk synthesis, cell apoptosis, and immune response in mammary cells of Girolando cows.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Ayapana triplinervis essential oil rich in thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether from Brazil.

Ayapana triplinervis (M.Vahl) R.M.

Lippia alba essential oil: A powerful and valuable antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory medicinal plant from Brazil.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: In Brazilian popular medicine, Lippia alba leaves are used in teas to treat pain and inflammatory diseases.

Aim Of The Study: to evaluate the chemical composition, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities of Lippia alba essential oil and its major compound geraniol.

Material And Methods: Lippia alba leaves were collected in Pará state, Brazil.

Visual scanning of social stimuli in preterm and autism spectrum disorder children.

Objective: To evaluate the pattern of eye-gaze of preterm (PT), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical (Ty) children.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with eight preterm (born with ≤2000 g weight), nine ASD and five Ty male children, between six and nine years old, was performed. The eye gaze was evaluated presenting a board with a couple in social interaction, and a video with four children playing with blocks, projected in a screen computer, successively, evaluating the time that the children looked at each stimulus.

Effect of Acute and Cumulative Stress on Gene Expression in Mammary Tissue and Their Interactions with Physiological Responses and Milk Yield in Saanen Goats.

This study addresses the hypothesis that different acute stressors can cumulatively decrease milk yield. In fact, in a time of global warming, the impact of environmental stress and farm management practices on milk production remains unclear. In this context, our objective was to investigate the effect of acute and cumulative stress on gene expression in mammary tissue and their interactions with physiological responses and milk yield in Saanen goats.

Influence of handling in corrals on the temperament of different breeds of beef cattle raised in Brazil.

The objective of the present study was to verify the effect of handling in corrals on the stress of beef cattle of Nelore, Caracu, and Guzerá breeds through the analysis of the relationship between behavioral traits, growth, and blood parameters. A total of 778 records of entry scores, chute scores, exit scores, flight speed, cortisol, glucose, lactate, live weight, and body condition scores were collected on steers and heifers of the three breeds, born between September and December. The animals came from the Advanced Beef Cattle Research Center of the Animal Science Institute.

Is the temperament of crossbred dairy cows related to milk cortisol and oxytocin concentrations, milk yield, and quality?

Reactive dairy cows are more susceptible to stress, and this may result in negative effects on milk yield and quality. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationships between temperament traits and concentration of milk cortisol and oxytocin, milk yield, milkability, and milk quality in Holstein-Gyr cows. Temperament traits were assessed in 76 Holstein-Gyr cows in the milking parlor (by scoring milking reactivity and recording the numbers of steps and kicks during pre-milking udder preparation and when fitting the milking cluster) and during handling in the corral (by measuring the time to enter in the squeeze chute, ET and flight speed, FS).

High body energy reserve influences extracellular vesicles miRNA contents within the ovarian follicle.

Aiming to evaluate the effects of increased body energy reserve (BER) in Nellore cows' reproductive efficiency, cows were fed with different nutritional plans to obtain animals with high BER (HBER; Ad libitum diet) and moderate BER (MBER: cows fed 70% of HBER group ingestion). To evaluate the BER, cows were weekly weighted and evaluated for subcutaneous fat thickness and insulin serum concentration along the experimental period. At the end of the experimental period, animals were submitted to estrous synchronization and artificial insemination.

Baseline emotional state influences on the response to animated short films: A randomized online experiment.

Introduction: Considering the relevance of the emotional state, it is necessary to understand how daily stimuli can modulate the emotions. Animated short films are common stimuli, but it is unknown how they can modulate the emotional state. The study aimed to evaluate: how participants' emotional state changed after watching animated short films with positive or negative emotional valence in an online experiment; the relationship between participants' baseline score on an Emotional Intensity Scale and their potential change in the main emotion after watching the films; and the association between the initial main emotion valence and the potential change in this emotion with participants' sociodemographic information.

Influence of successive heat waves on the thermoregulatory responses of pregnant and non-pregnant ewes.

The frequency of heat waves has increased over the last years, with an impact on animal production and health, including the death of animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of thermoregulation and hormonal responses in non-pregnant and pregnant ewes exposed to successive heat waves. Twenty-four non-pregnant and 18 pregnant Santa Ines ewes with black coat color (live weight: 55 ± 9.

Effect of experimental stress and cortisol release induced by ACTH administration on expression of key genes related to milk synthesis and apoptosis during mammary involution of Saanen goats.

This research paper addresses the hypothesis that stress, induced by ACTH administration and cortisol release increases somatic cell count (SCC) in mammary secretion, and improves the effectiveness of dry off in goats. We report indicators of milk synthesis and mammary gland involution during dry off. Thirty Saanen goats were subjected to abrupt dry off and treatments: (1) ACTH administration (ACTH) or (2) placebo (Control) on days 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 30, and 60 of dry off.

Increasing levels of calcium salts of palm fatty acids affect production responses during the immediate postpartum and carryover periods in dairy cows.

Our objective was to determine the dose-response effects of calcium salts of palm fatty acids (CSPF) on nutrient digestibility and production responses of early-lactation dairy cows grazing on tropical pastures and to evaluate carryover effects throughout mid and late lactation. Forty multiparous dairy cows (Jersey × Holstein) with (mean ± standard error of the mean) 20 ± 1.69 kg of milk/d and 20 ± 5.

Face memory deficit in visually impaired children who live in a developing country.

Purpose: The development of face processing abilities is a continuous process reaching maturity in adulthood. To achieve it in plenitude, children must have an adequate visual function. The purpose of this study was to assess how the face memory ability of children with visual impairment living in a developing country compares to those with normal vision in the same setting.

Estrus Prediction Models for Dairy Gyr Heifers.

Technological devices are increasingly present in livestock activities, such as identifying the reproductive status of cows. For this, predictive models must be accurate and usable in the productive context. The aims of this study were to evaluate estrus-associated changes in reticulo-rumen temperature (RRT) and activity (ACT) in Dairy Gyr heifers provided by reticulo-rumen boluses and to test the ability of different models for estrus prediction.

Acute and chronic effects of cortisol on milk yield, the expression of key receptors, and apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells in Saanen goats.

Cortisol (CORT) induces mammary development in late gestation and is fundamental to the differentiation of mammary epithelial cells and lactogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between CORT, insulin, prolactin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 in milk as well as the effect of CORT on the expression of receptors of insulin (INSR), prolactin (PRLR), growth hormone (GHR); we also studied the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1R), glucocorticoid (NR3C1), mineralocorticoid (NR3C2), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), BCL-2-like protein X (BAX) genes, and the apoptosis rate of mammary epithelial cells of lactating Saanen goats in vivo and in vitro. The following experiments were conducted: (1) comparing hormone release in milk and blood after ACTH or a placebo administration; (2) evaluating the effect of acute CORT increases in mammary gland expression and milk yield in vivo; and (3) evaluating the effect of a chronic increase in CORT concentration in epithelial mammary cell apoptosis in vitro.

Habituation Protocols Improve Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Beef Cattle Exposed to Students in an Animal Handling Class.

Our objective was to determine the impact of different habituation protocols on beef cattle behavior, physiology, and temperament in response to human handling. Beef heifers were exposed to three habituation strategies: (1) tactile stimulation (brushing) in the working chute for seven consecutive days (STI; = 18); (2) passage through the working chute for seven consecutive days (CHU; = 19) and; (3) no habituation (CON; = 19). Individual heifer respiratory rate (RR; n/min), internal vaginal temperature (VAGT; °C), and blood cortisol were measured.

Long-term heat stress at final gestation: physiological and heat shock responses of Saanen goats.

The long exposure to heat negatively changes performance and productivity of animals, particularly when heat stress is associated with gestation. Indeed, little is known about the negative effects of long-term heat stress on the final gestation of dairy goats. In this context, the physiological and cellular responses of Saanen goats submitted to heat stress (37°C from 10:00 to 16:00 h) were investigated from day 60th pre-partum to day 60th post-partum.

Predictors of parental satisfaction with the pediatric ophthalmology care in a Brazilian hospital.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the satisfaction of parents of visually impaired children with the pediatric ophthalmology care in a Brazilian hospital and to associate parental satisfaction with predictor variables. The study enrolled children with a binocular and monocular visual impairment aged between 4 and 17 years from a single site in Brazil between June 2019 and May 2020. Parents or legal guardians answered the Brazilian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 3.

The Child Emotion Facial Expression Set: A Database for Emotion Recognition in Children.

This study developed a photo and video database of 4-to-6-year-olds expressing the seven induced and posed universal emotions and a neutral expression. Children participated in photo and video sessions designed to elicit the emotions, and the resulting images were further assessed by independent judges in two rounds. In the first round, two independent judges (1 and 2), experts in the Facial Action Coding System, firstly analysed 3,668 emotions facial expressions stimuli from 132 children.

Endocrine Signals Altered by Heat Stress Impact Dairy Cow Mammary Cellular Processes at Different Stages of the Dry Period.

Hormonal alterations occurring under late gestation heat stress may disturb mammary gland remodelling, resulting in a reduced milk yield during the subsequent lactation. We investigated the effects of an altered endocrine environment on mammary gene expression at different stages of the dry period. Mammary gland biopsies from in vivo-cooled (CL) or heat-stressed (HT) cows were collected at d 3 and 35 relative to dry-off and divided into explants.

Heat stress affects the expression of key genes in the placenta, placental characteristics, and efficiency of Saanen goats and the survival and growth of their kids.

Heat stress is detrimental during gestation; however, the effects of heat stress on goat placental characteristics and kid survival remain unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of heat stress at final gestation on cortisol concentration, placenta characteristics, and the expression of genes related to placenta. Forty-six primiparous and multiparous Saanen goats were subjected to control (CT; under a thermoneutral environment: air temperature between 12°C and 25°C and the relative humidity from 45 to 73%, n = 23) or heat stress (HS; under a climatic chamber: air temperature at 37°C and the relative humidity at 60 to 70% from 0800 to 1600 h, n = 23) from the last 60 d of pregnancy until the first colostrum suckling.