Comprehensive Iranian guidelines for the diagnosis and management of maple syrup urine disease: an evidence- and consensus- based approach.

Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) disease is a defect in the function of the Branched-chain 2-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH). It is caused by pathogenic biallelic variants in BCKDHA, BCKA decarboxylase, or dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. The brain is the major organ involved in MSUD.

Unveiling clinical applications of bacterial extracellular vesicles as natural nanomaterials in disease diagnosis and therapeutics.

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are naturally occurring bioactive membrane-bound nanoparticles released by both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species, exhibiting a multifaceted role in mediating host-microbe interactions across various physiological conditions. Increasing evidence supports BEVs as essential mediators of cell-to-cell communicaiton, influencing bacterial pathogenicity, disease mechanisms, and modulating the host immune response. However, the extent to which these BEV-mediated actions can be leveraged to predict disease onset, guide treatment strategies, and determine clinical outcomes remains uncertain, particularly in terms of their clinical translation potentials.

Complications and Related Risk Factors of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Neonates: A Historical Cohort Study.

Background: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are an effective method for medication and nutrition infusion in preterm neonates. The present study aimed to identify the incidence of the most common complications of PICC implantation and evaluate the risk factors of each complication.

Methods: This historical cohort study was conducted on 2500 neonates with birth weights (BWs)≥500 g and gestational age (GA)>24 weeks who had a history of PICC inserted in three NICUs between August 2015 and August 2018.

Inborn Errors of Metabolism Associated With Autism Among Children: A Multicenter Study from Iran.

Objective: This study aimed to find the common inborn errors of metabolism in Iranian patients with autism spectrum disorder.

Methods: In this cross-sectional multicenter study, 105 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder from six centers in different cities of Iran were enrolled between August, 2019 and October, 2020. Metabolic screening, including measuring plasma levels of amino acids, acylcarnitines, creatine, and guani-dinoacetate, and urinary levels of organic acids, purines, and pyrimidines was performed.

Mechanical and Thermal Stress Analysis of Cervical Resin Composite Restorations Containing Different Ratios of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A 3D Finite Element Study.

Due to an increase in prevalence of cervical lesions, it is important to use appropriate restorative materials to reduce the incidence of secondary lesions. Owing to having antibacterial properties, cervical composite restorations containing different ratios of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been analyzed using the Finite Element method to determine the optimal incorporation ratio from mechanical and thermal perspectives. A numerical simulation is conducted for a mandibular first premolar with a cervical lesion (1.

Role of Selenium Deficiency in Pediatrics with Acquired Hypothyroidism.

Background: Although selenium is one of the nutrients that has an important role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, it has been investigated in rare studies. This study aimed to evaluate role of selenium deficiency in children and adolescents with acquired hypothyroidism.

Methods: This case and control study was conducted on 60 acquired hypothyroidism and 60 healthy children who had been referred to the pediatrics endocrine clinic in , from November 2018 to April 2019.

Optimal Frequency to Screen Celiac Disease amongst Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter Study.

Aims: Celiac disease (CD) is frequent amongst patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Since there is a disagreement on the optimal interval and frequency to perform screening tests for CD among diabetic patients, this study aimed to evaluate these issues amongst patients with T1DM.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in seven referral diabetic centers in different cities of Iran from January 2020 to January 2021.

The comparison of morbid obesity quality of life and body image between surgery and other treatments: A case-control study.

Background: Morbid obesity is rising around the world. Surgery is a selective treatment intervention for it. Since most of the surgeons use weight loss for evaluating of the morbid obesity surgical outcomes and paying attention to the the quality of life (QOL) and body image evaluation are rare, this study aimed to assess the QOL and body image in pre- and postsurgery with other interventions.

Exploration of the Quality of Life in Iranian Morbid Obese People: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Morbid obesity (body mass index≥40 kg/m or >35 kg/m with co-morbidity) is an important factor in reducing the quality of life which is influenced by the characteristics of the individual, his social, cultural, and environmental conditions; also, each disease has unique effects on it. Although most of the studies have been conducted on obesity (25>BMI>40), how to prevent it and improve life quality, there is lack of knowledge about what morbid obese people really experience about their life quality. Thus, this qualitative study aimed to explore the viewpoints of morbid obese people about life quality.

Relationship between Body Image and Psychological Well-being in Patients with Morbid Obesity.

Background: Morbid obesity is rising around the world. It can cause unpleasant appearance and body image. Most of the studies have aimed to evaluate the psychopathology of overweight and obesity and paying attention to mental well-being in morbid obese individuals is rare.