A review: FDA-approved fluorine-containing small molecules from 2015 to 2022.

Fluorine-containing small molecules have occupied a special position in drug discovery research. The successful clinical use of fluorinated corticosteroids in the 1950s and fluoroquinolones in the 1980s led to an ever-increasing number of approved fluorinated compounds over the last 50 years. They have shown various biological properties such as antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Design, synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, in vitro tyrosinase inhibition, antioxidant evaluation, in silico and kinetic studies of substituted indole-carbohydrazides.

In the current study, twenty-five indole-carbohydrazide derivatives linked to different aryl substitutions were rationally designed and synthesized. The structures of all derivatives were confirmed using different spectroscopic techniques including H NMR, C NMR, Mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of all synthetic compounds exhibited IC values in the range of 0.

Diagnostic Value and Effective Factors on Transbronchial Lung Biopsy Using Cup and Alligator Forceps.

Background: Lung biopsy through the airways by using a flexible bronchoscope (transbronchial lung biopsy: TBLB) is a suitable method for obtaining tissue specimens. This study aimed at evaluating the factors influencing TBLB results in order to increase the diagnostic power of this method.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective double blind observational study.

Balloon bronchoplasty: case series.

Central airway stenosis may be a manifestation of benign or malignant lesions and can be a life threatening condition. There are different surgical and endoscopic modalities for treatment of these lesions. Balloon bronchoscopy is an interventional pulmonologic modality and can be performed under direct vision or fluoroscopic guidance.

Diagnostic Yield of Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (TBNA) for Cases with Intra-Thoracic Lymphadenopathies.

Background: Evaluation of the lymph nodes in cases with lung cancer for diagnosis or staging has been considered since many years ago. Various methods have been developed for obtaining a sample from lymph nodes. This study was conducted in a research institute with high patient turnover and aimed at evaluating the diagnostic yield of TBNA and effective factors on diagnosis and related complications in patients with pulmonary lesions.