Protective effects of silymarin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in the diet-induced hyperlipidemia rat model.

Objectives: Obesity is a metabolic syndrome that leads to many chronic diseases worldwide. In this study, we investigate the antihyperlipidemic activities of chitosan nanoparticles (CH NPs) on silymarin (SIL) as a carrier in the drug delivery system that can improve some biochemical parameters and hormones in the model of hyperlipidemic rats receiving a high-fat diet (HFD).

Materials And Methods: Physicochemical characterization of silymarin-loaded chitosannanoparticles (CH-SIL NPs) was done by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and drug loading efficiency (LE).

Synergistic cytotoxicity effect of the combination of chitosan nanoencapsulated imatinib mesylate and quercetin in BCR-ABL positive K562 cells.

Objectives: Intolerable side effects and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs have encouraged scientists to develop new methods of drug combinations with fewer complications. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of quercetin and imatinib encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell growth of the K562 cell line.

Materials And Methods: Imatinib and quercetin were encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles and their physical properties were determined using standard methods and SEM microscope images.

Protective Effects of Phoenixin-14 Peptide in the Indomethacin-Induced Duodenal Ulcer: An Experimental Study.

Phoenixin-14‎ (PNX‎-14‎) is a newly identified neuropeptide with potential anti-inflammatory effects in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of PNX-14 against the formation of experimental indomethacin (IND)-induced duodenal ulcer. Thirty-two‎ male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the four following study groups: (1) negative control (2) IND (7.

Effect of β-asarone in normal and β-amyloid-induced Alzheimeric rats.

Introduction: β-Asarone is a major component of Schott. It has pharmacological effects that include antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. In the present study, the effect of β-asarone on neurodegeneration induced by intrahippocampal administration of β-amyloid was investigated in adult male Wistar rats.

Effect of troxerutin on oxidative stress and expression of genes regulating mitochondrial biogenesis in doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury in rats.

Because of limitation of doxorubicin (DOX) clinical application in chemotherapy due to its cardiotoxicity, finding new strategies to reduce DOX challenge and improve patients' outcomes is crucial. Due to positive cardiovascular impacts of troxerutin (TXR), here we have investigated the effect of TXR on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by evaluating the myocardial oxidative stress and expression of genes regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were randomly allocated into four groups: control, TXR, DOX, and TXR + DOX.

Interaction between leptin and glutamatergic system on food intake regulation in neonatal chicken: role of NMDA and AMPA receptors.

The aim of the current study was to determine the possible interaction of the central leptin and Glutamatergic systems on feeding behavior in neonatal 3-hours food deprived (FD) broilers chickens. In experiment 1, FD chicken received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of control solution (group i) and 2.5, 5 and 10 µg of Leptin (groups ii-iv).

Pretreatment with vildagliptin boosts ischemic-postconditioning effects on cardioprotection and expression profile of genes regulating autophagy and mitochondrial fission/fusion in diabetic heart with reperfusion injury.

The burden of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is 2-3-folds higher in diabetic patients, so protecting diabetic hearts is clinically important. Here, we investigated the effect of combinational therapy with vildagliptin and ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) on cardioprotection and the expression of genes regulating autophagy and mitochondrial function in diabetic hearts with IR injury. Type 2 diabetes was induced through high-fat diet and streptozotocin protocol in Wistar rats.

The Lentiviral Vector Pseudotyped by Modified Rabies Glycoprotein Does Not Cause Reactive Gliosis and Neurodegeneration in Rat Hippocampus.

Background: A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based lentiviral vector (LV) pseudotyped by a variant of rabies envelope glycoprotein, FUG-B2, has previously been prepared and used in transfection of hippocampal CA1 ("Cornu Ammonis" area 1) neurons. This study aimed to verify reactive gliosis and neuronal damage after injection of the vector into the rat hippocampus.

Methods: HEK 293T cells were transfected with transfer (fck-Jaws-GFP-ER2), envelope (FUG-B2), and packaging (pMDLg/pRRE, pRSV-Rev) plasmids, and the vector was injected into CA1 of the rat hippocampus.

Effect of sinapic acid on memory deficits and neuronal degeneration induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin in rats.

The present study aimed to elucidate the neuroprotective effect of sinapic acid on intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) induced neuronal loss and memory impairment. To test this hypothesis, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 11 groups: normal control, sham-operated control, sinapic acid (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg bw intragastrically, daily) alone, Alzheimer control rats (ICV-STZ, 3 mg/kg bw), sinapic acid (2.

Transduction efficacy and retrograde movement of a lentiviral vector pseudotyped by modified rabies glycoprotein throughout the trisynaptic circuit of the rat hippocampus.

Background: The trisynaptic circuit (entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus-CA3-CA1) is a key unidirectional network in the hippocampus. Damage to the hippocampus interrupts this circuit and causes neurological disorders. Efficient delivery of therapeutic genes into this network is of great interest with respect to treating trisynaptic circuit pathologies.

Interaction between central GABAA receptor and dopaminergic system on food intake in neonatal chicks: role of D and GABA receptors.

Objective: The present study was designed to examine the role of central γ-Aminobutyric acid receptors and dopaminergic system on feeding behaviour in neonatal layer-type chicken.

Methods: In this study, six experiments were designed, each with four treatment groups (n = 44 in each experiment). In experiment 1, four groups of 3-h food-deprived chicks received a dose of either the intracerebroventricular injection of (1) control solution, (2) Levo-dihydroxyphenylalanine as precursor of dopamine; 125 nmol, (3) Gaboxadol (γ-Aminobutyric acid receptor agonist, 0.

Modulatory function of NMDA glutamate receptor on MC/MC receptors agonist-induced hypophagia in neonatal meat-type chicken.

Melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors (MCR and MCR) are known as the main receptors for melanocortin-induced hypophagia in mammalian and poultry. Also, central glutamatergic system has mediatory role on function of the melanocortin system in some brain areas. So, the aim of the current study was to determine the role of MC/MC receptors agonist on food intake and its interaction with glutamatergic in 3-h food-deprived (FD) neonatal broilers.

Effects of berberine on β-secretase activity in a rabbit model of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Relevant aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be modeled by aluminium-maltolate injection into specific regions of the brain. The possible role of berberine chloride (BC) as an anti-inflammatory agent in the brain has been previously addressed.

Material And Methods: Rabbits were divided into control (C), untreated lesion (L) and BC-treated + lesion (L + BC) groups.