Methyl jasmonate inducible UGT79A18 is a novel glycosyltransferase involved in the bacoside biosynthetic pathway in Bacopa monnieri.

Bacosides are dammarane-type triterpenoidal saponins in Bacopa monnieri and have various pharmacological applications. All the bacosides are diversified from two isomers, i.e.

Prevalence of Menstrual Disorder in Women and Its Correlation to Body Mass Index and Physical Activity.

Background: Regular menstruation represents reproductive health and quality of life of women. However, many women suffer from menstrual disorders at some point in their life. The occurrence of such abnormalities is affected by two key factors: BMI and physical activity.

Copy number variations in male breast cancer.

Common copy number variations often contain cancer-related genes and are likely to play a role in carcinogenesis. Different mechanisms of tumorigenesis are suggested in female and male breast cancer because of different molecular profiles. The cytogenetic analysis of GTG-banded chromosomes was performed in six male patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma and six healthy male controls matched for age.

135G>C polymorphism in esophageal cancer and meta-analysis in gastrointestinal tract cancers.

Background: A functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), 135G>C in the 5'UTR of the RAD51 gene, affects gene transcription activity with implications for the repair of damaged DNA related to tumorigenesis. Previous limited reported genetic studies to link the 135G>C polymorphism of RAD51 gene to the risk of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancers, especially esophageal cancer (EC), have been inconclusive.

Materials And Methods: The polymorphism was evaluated by RFLP-PCR in 252 EC patients and 252 healthy controls from Amritsar, Punjab, India, for case-control study.

Association of 677C>T polymorphism with breast cancer risk: A case-control study and meta-analysis.

Background And Objectives: Breast cancer is a complex, multifactorial disease that arises as a result of interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a low susceptibility gene, involved in folate metabolism. It assists in conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate which further leads to DNA methylation.

Knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduate medical and dental students in Lalitpur, Nepal.

Background: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become a major global problem. There is an urgent need to measure the knowledge of the disease among health science students who can play an active role in pandemic control. The research was conducted to examine COVID-19 knowledge among medical and dental students in a Nepalese medical college, compare the knowledge to other studies in the literature and identify educational needs of students who may be involved in treating COVID-19 patients.

An insight into microRNA biogenesis and its regulatory role in plant secondary metabolism.

The present review highlights the regulatory roles of microRNAs in plant secondary metabolism and focuses on different bioengineering strategies to modulate secondary metabolite content in plants. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the class of small endogenous, essential, non-coding RNAs that riboregulate the gene expression involved in various biological processes in most eukaryotes. MiRNAs has emerged as important regulators in plants that function by silencing target genes through cleavage or translational inhibition.

Association of VEGF haplotypes with breast cancer risk in North-West Indians.

Background: Angiogenesis is a complex and coordinated process regulated by different growth factors and is one of the hallmark features of cancer. VEGF is one of the most important endothelial cell mitogen and has a critical role in normal physiological and tumor angiogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential association of haplotypes of six VEGF polymorphisms with breast cancer risk in North-West Indians.

Linkage disequilibrium and haplotypes of five polymorphisms in oesophageal cancer patients.

The aim of present study was to evaluate the linkage disequilibrium (LD) of p.R72P, PIN3 Ins16bp, p.P47S, p.

In silico pathway analysis based on chromosomal instability in breast cancer patients.

Background: Complex genomic changes that arise in tumors are a consequence of chromosomal instability. In tumor cells genomic aberrations disrupt core signaling pathways involving various genes, thus delineating of signaling pathways can help understand the pathogenesis of cancer. The bioinformatics tools can further help in identifying networks of interactions between the genes to get a greater biological context of all genes affected by chromosomal instability.

Screening of BRCA1 variants c.190T>C, 1307delT, g.5331G>A and c.2612C>T in breast cancer patients from North India.

The polymorphic variants of BRCA1, which lead to amino acid substitutions, have a known pathogenic role in breast cancer. The present study investigated in North Indian breast cancer patients the association of risk with four reported pathogenic variants of BRCA1: c.190T>C (p.

Association of and Gene Polymorphism with Esophageal Cancer Risk.

Aim: The X-ray repair cross-complementing ( gene polymorphisms influence esophageal carcinogenesis by altering the DNA repair capacity. The present study was designed to screen five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes for their susceptibility to esophageal cancer (EC) risk. There is no previous report on these polymorphisms for EC from India, where EC frequency is high.

Risk Factor Analysis for Breast Cancer in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women of Punjab, India.

Objective: Amritsar, the second largest town of agrarian state of Punjab, India reports high number of breast cancer cases every year. The present study investigated the etiology of breast cancer using various obesity indices and other epidemiological factors among breast cancer patients residing in and around Amritsar city.

Methods: In this case control study, risk factors for breast cancer were analyzed in 542 female subjects: 271 females with breast cancer patients and 271 unrelated healthy females matched for age as control females.

Association of the -2518 A/G Polymorphism of MCP-1 with Breast Cancer in Punjab, North-West India.

Background: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a major chemokine thought to be responsible for monocyte and T-lymphocyte recruitment in acute inflammatory conditions and recruitment of macrophages in tumors. It is also implicated in cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between MCP-1 -2518 A/G polymorphism and breast cancer risk in patients from Amritsar city of Punjab state in North-West India.

No Association between the CCR5Δ32 Polymorphism and Sporadic Esophageal Cancer in Punjab, North-West India.

Background: Chemokines and their receptors influence carcinogenesis and cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) directs spread of cancer to other tissues. A 32 base pair deletion in the coding region of CCR5 that might alter the expression or function of the protein has been implicated in a variety of immune-mediated diseases. The action of antiviral drugs being proposed as adjuvant therapy in cancer is dependent on CCR5 wild type status.

Role of CT Colonography in Colonic Lesions and Its Correlation with Conventional Colonoscopic Findings.

Background: Preoperative evaluation in patients with colorectal carcinoma is essential for a correct therapeutic plan. Conventional colonoscopy has certain limitations including its inability to detect synchronous lesions in case of distal obstructive mass and inaccurate tumour localization. CT colonography combines cross sectional imaging with virtual colonoscopic images and offers a comprehensive preoperative evaluation in patients with colorectal carcinoma including detection of synchronous lesions with accurate segmental localization and loco regional staging.

Association of VEGF and VEGFR1 polymorphisms with breast cancer risk in North Indians.

The aim of present study was to evaluate the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -2578C/A, -2549I/D, -460T/C and -7C/T and VEGFR1 -710C/T polymorphisms with risk to breast cancer in North Indians. A total of 204 sporadic breast cancer patients and 204 controls were recruited for this case-control study. Significantly increased frequency of II genotype of -2549I/D polymorphism was observed in patients as compared to control individuals (odds ratio (OR) = 2.

No association of hypoxia inducible factor-1α gene polymorphisms with breast cancer in North-West Indians.

Background: Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is the key regulator of cellular responses to hypoxia and plays a central role in tumour growth. Presence of Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the critical regulatory domains of HIF-1α may result in the overexpression of the protein and subsequent changes in the expression of the downstream target genes. The aim of study was to investigate the association of three SNPs (g.

Analysis of TP53 polymorphisms in North Indian sporadic esophageal cancer patients.

Background: To investigate the relationship of five TP53 polymorphisms (p.P47S, p.R72P, PIN3 ins16bp, p.

TP53 polymorphisms in sporadic North Indian breast cancer patients.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential association of five (p.P47S, p.R72P, PIN3 Ins16bp, p.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in Punjabi population from North West India.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of seven VEGF promoter polymorphisms with breast cancer risk in Punjabi population from North West India. We screened DNA samples of 102 sporadic breast cancer patients and 102 unrelated healthy, gender, and age-matched individuals for seven VEGF promoter polymorphisms [-417 C/T (rs833062), -172 C/A (rs59260042), -165 C/T (rs79469752), -160 C/T, -152 G/A (rs13207351), -141 A/C (rs28357093) and -116 G/A (rs1570360)] by direct sequencing. The frequency of GG, GA, and AA genotype of -152 G/A polymorphism was 26.

Diagnostic Accuracy of MRCP as Compared to Ultrasound/CT in Patients with Obstructive Jaundice.

Background: The expanding spectrum of therapeutic options for patients with surgical jaundice makes it necessary for the radiologist to precisely assess the etiology, location, level and extent of disease.

Aim: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with Ultrasound and Computed Tomography (CT) in evaluation of patients with obstructive jaundice taking direct cholangiographies (ERCP and PTC), hystologic tests and anatomo-pathological findings after surgical intervention as gold standard.

Settings And Design: This prospective study included 50 patients who were referred to the radiology department with clinical features of biliary obstructive disease.

Association of +405C>G and +936C>T polymorphisms of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene with sporadic breast cancer in North Indians.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an endothelial cell specific mitogen, has been implicated as a critical factor influencing tumor related angiogenesis. The aim of present study was to evaluate the relationship between VEGF +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms of VEGF with risk of breast cancer in Punjab, India.

Materials And Methods: We screened DNA samples of 192 sporadic breast cancer patients and 192 unrelated healthy, gender and age matched control individuals for VEGF +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms using the PCR-RFLP method.

Association of -2549 insertion/deletion polymorphism of vascular endothelial growth factor with breast cancer in North Indian patients.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to assess the role of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -2549 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in susceptibility to sporadic breast cancer.

Methods: DNA samples of 94 breast cancer patients and 94 unrelated healthy control individuals with matched age and gender from the same geographical region of Punjab, North West India were screened for the -2549 I/D polymorphism. Serum VEGF-C (sVEGF-C) levels of breast cancer patients and healthy controls were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

p.R72P, PIN3 Ins16bp polymorphisms of TP53 and CCR5?32 in north Indian breast cancer patients.

Background: The present study aimed to find the prognostic implications of two polymorphisms in TP53 (p.R72P, PIN3 Ins16bp) and one in CCR5 (CCR5/32) in sporadic breast cancer patients.

Methods: DNA samples of 80 breast cancer patients and 80 age and gender matched unrelated healthy control individuals from Punjab, North West India were analyzed.