Assessment Modalities for Lower Extremity Edema, Lymphedema, and Lipedema: A Scoping Review.

Lower extremity swelling may be broadly characterized as due to edema, lymphedema, or lipedema. Differentiation between these three conditions is important for providing appropriate treatment. This review analyzes and compares different clinical diagnostic modalities for these conditions, with the aim of assisting in the process of choosing the most appropriate diagnostic modality by highlighting the advantages and limitations of each.

Mitigating probe pulse deformation in Raman amplification in OTDR fiber sensing systems.

We report the numerical and experimental study of probe pulse deformation in a forward-pumped distributed Raman amplifier on a 40-km standard single mode fiber. Distributed Raman amplification can improve the range of OTDR-based sensing systems, but it could result in pulse deformation. A smaller Raman gain coefficient can be used to mitigate pulse deformation.

Interlay Cartilage Rim Augmented Fascia Tympanoplasty: An Effective Graft Model in Mucosal Chronic Otitis Media.

To study the efficacy of interlay cartilage rim augmented fascia tympanoplasty in mucosal chronic otitis media. A retrospective, observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital including charts of patients spanning a duration of one year, where 15 patients diagnosed with chronic otitis media-mucosal disease with large and subtotal perforations (with or without ossicular erosion), and had undergone interlay cartilage rim augmented fascia tympanoplasty, were analysed for morphological and functional improvement following surgery. Pre- and post-operative otomicroscopic examination and pure tone audiometry findings were the parameters considered.

Broadband air-clad LP mode converter using a tapered mode transition.

Higher-order mode converters that work over a broad wavelength range are needed for various applications. A new, to the best of our knowledge, simple and cost-effective LP mode converter is fabricated by tapering a bundle of single-mode fibers. The device excites the LP mode in a four-mode step index fiber with a mode purity higher than 10 dB.

Starch modified alginate nanoparticles for drug delivery application.

Natural polymers have been widely studied as vehicles that have gained much interest in the encapsulation and delivery of drugs and bioactive molecules. In this study, we developed starch-modified alginate nanoparticles using a green facile technique for drug delivery application. The potential of the prepared nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery applications is demonstrated using theophylline and bovine serum albumin as model drugs.

Air-cladded mode-group selective photonic lanterns for mode-division multiplexing.

We have fabricated an air-cladded mode-group selective photonic lantern, which can (de)multiplex the first two mode groups of a standard two-mode step-index fiber. Instead of relying on a low-index capillary tube, our simple solution uses air to form the surrounding "cladding" and thereby enable guiding at the end of the taper. Characterization of a 25-mm long lantern taper results in multiplexing crosstalk values between -20 dB and -12 dB for both modal inputs.

Three-Dimensional Control on Lingually Rolled in Molars using a 3D Lingual Arch.

The fixed lingual arches that are used for mandibular molar uprighting works in two dimensions, whereas the 3D lingual arch works in all the three dimensions. The 3D lingual arch was fabricated from a 0.028 "round S.

Moulding Faces at an Early Age-A Case Series.

Certain malocclusions have to be treated at an early age to avoid surgeries for the correction in the future. Introduction of functional appliances has reduced the elimination and correction of skeletal as well as dental discrepancies. Proper case selection taking into consideration skeletal and dental age with the use of various diagnostic aids helps us to identify and treat the malocclusions before it is too late.

Inverted papilloma of atypical origin with unusual extension into the oropharynx.

Inverted papilloma is a benign tumor with malignant potential that commonly arises from the lateral wall of the nose. We present a case of inverted papilloma, in a premalignant stage, of unusual origin and with oropharyngeal extension. The patient presented with complaints of a nasal mass arising from the left nasal cavity and progressively increasing in size since 2 years.

Nonfatal air embolism during shoulder arthroscopy.

An air embolism is a rare but potentially fatal complication of shoulder arthroscopy. In this article, we report the case of a patient who developed a nonfatal air embolism during shoulder arthroscopy for an acute bony Bankart lesion and a greater tuberosity avulsion fracture. The venous air embolism occurred immediately after the joint was insufflated with air for diagnostic air arthroscopy.