and Investigations to Assess Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major source of death and disability worldwide; however, its pathogenesis is no longer regarded as an immediate, irreversible process that occurs at the time of injury. Long-term alterations in personality, sensory-motor function, and cognition are common among trauma survivors. The pathophysiology of brain injury is very complex, so it is difficult to understand.

Plants and their Bioactive Compounds as a Possible Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome.

Background & Objective: Traumatic brain injury is an outcome of the physical or mechanical impact of external forces on the brain. Thus, the silent epidemic has complex pathophysiology affecting the brain along with extracranial or systemic complications in more than one organ system, including the heart, lungs, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal and endocrine system. which is referred to as Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome.

Immunomodulatory potential of Nyctanthes abrortristis stem bark.

Background: Phytotherapeutic modulation of the immune system to mitigate infectious ailments has been in vogue all over the world.

Objective: The present work has been designed to scientifically explore the immunomodulatory potential of Nyctanthes arbortristis stem bark using mice models.

Materials & Method: Methanolic (MNA) and aqueous (ANA) extracts of N.

Role of Dietary Supplements in Thyroid Diseases.

Background: Thyroid hormones play a vital role in regulating our body's metabolism. Two important thyroid hormones released from the thyroid gland are tri-iodothyronine (T3) and tetra-iodothyronine (T4). Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid regulating hormone control the T3 and T4 levels in our body.

Lead Anti-Obesity Compounds from Nature.

Background: Obesity has become a global issue, leading to increased risk of metabolic syndrome, which encompasses diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, and certain cancers. However, obesity is difficult to control through diet and exercise alone, as they are difficult to implement.

Objective: The objective of this review is to elucidate the active constituents that can be obtained from various natural sources that act as anti-obesity agents.

Review on antioxidants and evaluation procedures.

Antioxidants are the substances that are capable of counteracting the damaging effects of the physiological process of oxidation occur in animal tissues. These may be nutrients (vitamins and minerals) as well as enzymes (proteins) in our body that assist in chemical reactions. They are believed to play a role in preventing the development of chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cataracts etc.

Chemical composition of ethanol extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. using GC-MS spectroscopy.

Background: Macrotyloma uniflorum Linn (Fabaceae) is a herbaceous plant with annual branches. It is used in kidney stones, inflamed joints, fever, musculoskeletal disorders, sinus wounds and localized abdominal tumors. It is reported as an antioxidant and nutraceutical (forage and food).

Anti-oxidant studies and anti-microbial effect of Origanum vulgare Linn in combination with standard antibiotics.

Background: Origanum is one of the over 200 genera in the Lamiaceae (mint family), and this genus includes culinary, fragrant, and medicinal properties. The plant is reported to contain anti-microbial properties, but it lacks combination studies with that of synthetic antibiotics.

Aim: To investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-microbial interaction studies of Origanum vulgare with standard drugs against Bacillus species of bacteria and Aspergillus niger.

In vivo assessment of antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activity from oil of seeds of brassica nigra in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Purpose: This study was made to investigate the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant potential of oil of seeds of Brassica nigra (BNO) in streptozotocin -nicotinamide (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic rats.

Methods: BNO was orally administered to diabetic rats to study its effect in both acute and chronic antihyperglycemic study. The body weight, oral glucose tolerance test and biochemical parameters viz.

Oreganum vulgare Linn. leaf: An Extensive Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Quality Assessment.

Purpose: Standardization and detailed pharmacognostical studies of Oreganum vulgare Linn. leaf for authentication and commercial utilization.

Methods: Oreganum vulgare Linn.

Combination Studies of Oreganum Vulgare Extract Fractions and Volatile Oil along with Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole against Common Fish Pathogens.

Purpose: The study is aimed at finding new antibiotic therapy for aquaculture due to potential of bacteria to develop resistance to the existing therapies. Use of large quantities of synthetic antibiotics in aquaculture thus has the potential to be detrimental to fish health, to the environment and wildlife and to human health.

Methods: Antimicrobial potential of volatile oil and fractions of chloroform extract of Oreganum vulgare was evaluated alone and in the presence of standard antimicrobials against common fish pathogens by disc-diffusion, agar well assay and two fold microdilution method by nanodrop spectrophotometric method.

Screening of antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of oil from Piper longum and piperine with their possible mechanism.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia and other symptoms like polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger) which ultimately causes various other complications like retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and microangiopathy.

Objectives: The antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of oil from Piper longum (PLO) and piperine was investigated with their possible mechanism using α-glucosidase, aldose reductase (AR), and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity.

Methods: The biochemical parameters, viz.

Antibacterial activities of Origanum vulgare alone and in combination with different antimicrobials against clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi.

Background: Typhoid fever continues to remain a major public health problem especially in the areas where there is problem of sanitation and hygiene. The emergence of multidrug resistance of Salmonella typhi, the bacteria responsible for Typhoid to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole has further complicated the treatment and management of enteric fever. One strategy for the treatment of the multidrug resistant bacteria is to use herbs in combination with conventional drugs.

Hepatoprotective activity of Vitis vinifera root extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats.

The ethanolic extract of the root of Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats with liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride. The extract at an oral dose of 200 mg/kg exhibited a significant protective effect by lowering the serum levels of SGPT, SGOT, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. The extract at this dose also increases the level of total protein.

Quality assessment and anti-obesity activity of Stellaria media (Linn.) Vill.

Background: Obesity is recognized as a social problem, associated with serious health risks and increased mortality. Numerous trials have been conducted to find and develop new anti-obesity drugs through herbal sources to minimize side effects associated with the present anti-obesity drugs. The present study was designed to evaluate the quality control parameters, quantitative phytochemical analysis (total phenolic, total flavonoids and total saponin content), and the anti-obesity effect of lyophilized juice (LJ) of Stellaria media (Linn.

Assessment of Antiobesity Potential of Achyranthes aspera Linn. Seed.

The present study was designed to evaluate the quality control parameters, quantitative phytochemical analysis (total phenols, total flavonoids, and total saponin content), and the antiobesity effect of ethanol extract of Achyranthes aspera Linn. seed (EAA) by employing in vitro and in vivo models. In in vitro study, the inhibitory activity of EAA on pancreatic amylase and lipase was measured.

GC-MS analysis and screening of antidiabetic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic potential of Cinnamomum tamala oil in streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus in rats.

Aim Of The Study: This study was made to investigate the antidiabetic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic potential of Cinnamomum tamala, (Buch.-Ham.) Nees & Eberm (Tejpat) oil (CTO) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats along with evaluation of chemical constituents.

Natural products: a safest approach for obesity.

Obesity is recognized as a social problem, associated with serious health risks and increased mortality. Numerous trials have been conducted to find and develop new anti-obesity drugs through herbal sources to minimize adverse reactions associated with the present anti-obesity drugs. The use of natural products as medicine has been documented for hundreds of years in various traditional systems of medicines throughout the world.

In vivo anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant potentials of ethanolic extract from Tecomella undulata.

This study was undergone to evaluate the in-vivo anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of leaves of Tecomella undulata Seem. on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection (i.

A review of chemistry and biological activities of the genus Aerva--a desert plant.

There are approximately 28 species of Aerva genus, but only a few species are medicinal of which A. persica, A. lanata and A.

Antiulcer potential of the ethanolic extract of Aerva persica Merrill root in rats.

The ethanol extract of the roots of Aerva persica (Burm f) Merrill (Amaranthaceae) was investigated to determine its antiulcer and in vivo antioxidant activities in albino Wistar rats. Ulcers were induced by ethanol and pylorus ligation. The extract was administered at the dose of 200mg/kg orally, p.

Acute and chronic animal models for the evaluation of anti-diabetic agents.

Diabetes mellitus is a potentially morbid condition with high prevalence worldwide thus being a major medical concern. Experimental induction of diabetes mellitus in animal models is essential for the advancement of our knowledge and understanding of the various aspects of its pathogenesis and ultimately finding new therapies and cure. Experimental diabetes mellitus is generally induced in laboratory animals by several methods that include: chemical, surgical and genetic (immunological) manipulations.

Anti-spermatogenic activity of ethanol extract of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. stem bark.

The study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-spermatogenic efficacy of ethanol extract of stem bark of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. For the in vitro study, semen samples were obtained from 15 healthy fertile men aged 25-35 years. Sperm motility was examined by the Sander-Cramer method.

In vitro antiplasmodial and antimicrobial potential of Tagetes erecta roots.

Context: Among strategies to combat malaria, the search for newer antimalarial compounds is a priority. Traditionally, Tagetes erecta Linn. (Compositae) has been used for the treatment of various diseases and ailments including malaria.