Prospective characterization of intestinal MRI intravoxel incoherent motion in pediatric and young adult patients with newly diagnosed small bowel Crohn's disease.

Background: MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is commonly used in MR enterography protocols for assessment of intestinal inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease. The intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) approach to DWI has been proposed as a more objective approach, providing quantitative parameters that reflect water diffusivity (D), blood flow (D*), and perfusion fraction (f).

Purpose: We aimed to determine if DWI-IVIM metrics from the terminal ileum in patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease differ from healthy participants and change in response to biologic medical therapy.

Pancreas volumes in pediatric patients following index acute pancreatitis and acute recurrent pancreatitis.

Background/objectives: Pancreas volume derived from imaging may objectively reveal volume loss relevant to identifying sequelae of acute pancreatitis (AP) and ultimately diagnosing chronic pancreatitis (CP). The purposes of this study were to: (1) quantify pancreas volume by imaging in children with either (a) a single episode of AP or (b) acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP), and (2) compare these volumes to normative volumes.

Methods: This retrospective study was institutional review board approved.

Longitudinal changes in quantitative magnetic resonance imaging metrics in children and young adults with autoimmune liver disease.

Purpose: To assess longitudinal changes in quantitative MRI metrics in pediatric and young adult patients with autoimmune liver disease (AILD).

Methods: This prospective, IRB-approved study included 20 children and young adults (median age = 15 years) with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)/autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC) and 19 (median age = 17 years) with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). At a field strength of 1.

Corrected T1 Mapping in Children and Young Adults With Autoimmune Liver Disease: Correlation With Histology.

The purpose of this study was to assess relationships between liver-corrected T1 (cT1) values (adjusted for T2* effect, MRI system manufacturer, and field strength) and histologic inflammation and fibrosis in 35 participants (15 women and girls, 20 boys and men; median age, 16.0 years) with autoimmune liver disease. At multivariable analysis, inflammation score (β = 15.

Bowel wall MRI T1 relaxation estimates for assessment of intestinal inflammation in pediatric Crohn's disease.

Purpose: To compare bowel wall T1 relaxation estimates in young patients with newly diagnosed ileal CD to healthy control participants, characterize their change over time in response to biologic medical therapy, and evaluate their associations with clinical markers of intestinal inflammation.

Materials And Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed ileal CD and healthy control participants were prospectively recruited between December 2018 and October 2021. Patients underwent research MRI examinations of the bowel at baseline and at 6-weeks and 6-months into biologic medical treatment; control participants underwent single MRI examinations.

Associations Between Quantitative MRI Metrics and Clinical Risk Scores in Children and Young Adults With Autoimmune Liver Disease.

The Mayo risk score and SCOPE (Sclerosing Cholangitis Outcomes in Pediatrics) index are clinical risk scores for monitoring the progression of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and predicting clinically important endpoints. The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationships between quantitative MRI measures of liver disease and clinical risk scores in children and young adults with autoimmune liver disease (AILD). This prospective study included 58 patients (35 male and 23 female patients; mean age, 15.

Associations between MRI T1 mapping, liver stiffness, quantitative MRCP, and laboratory biomarkers in children and young adults with autoimmune liver disease.

Purpose: Define relationships between quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics and clinical/laboratory data in a pediatric and young adult cohort with autoimmune liver disease (AILD).

Materials And Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was institutional review board-approved. Patients enrolled in an institutional AILD registry were divided into groups: (1) autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) or (2) primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)/autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC).

Comparison of quantitative 3D magnetic resonance cholangiography measurements obtained using three different image acquisition methods.

Purpose: To compare quantitative biliary measurements obtained with three different magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) acquisition methods.

Methods: This retrospective study was IRB-approved. Patients with combinations of clinically indicated 3D FSE MRCP with sensitivity encoding (SENSE), 3D FSE SENSE MRCP with compressed sensing (CS-FSE; acceleration factor 8), and 3D gradient and spin-echo (GRASE) MRCP, acquired between October 2018 and March 2020, were included.

Tongue Part Movement Trajectories for /r/ Using Ultrasound.

Purpose: Because it shows the movement of different parts of the tongue in real time, ultrasound biofeedback therapy is a promising technology for speech research and remediation. One limitation is the difficulty of interpreting real-time ultrasound images of tongue motion. Our image processing system, TonguePART, tracks the tongue surface and allows for the acquisition of quantitative tongue part trajectories.

In vivo ultrasound thermal ablation control using echo decorrelation imaging in rabbit liver and VX2 tumor.

The utility of echo decorrelation imaging feedback for real-time control of in vivo ultrasound thermal ablation was assessed in rabbit liver with VX2 tumor. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and unfocused (bulk) ablation were performed using 5 MHz linear image-ablate arrays. Treatments comprised up to nine lower-power sonications, followed by up to nine higher-power sonications, ceasing when the average cumulative echo decorrelation within a control region of interest exceeded a predefined threshold (- 2.

Optimized Echo Decorrelation Imaging Feedback for Bulk Ultrasound Ablation Control.

Feasibility of controlling bulk ultrasound (US) thermal ablation using echo decorrelation imaging was investigated in ex vivo bovine liver. The first of two ablation and control procedures used a sequence of constant-intensity sonication cycles, ceased when the minimum echo decorrelation within a control region of interest (ROI) exceeded a predetermined threshold. The second procedure used a variable-intensity sonication sequence, with spatially averaged decorrelation as the stopping criterion.

Real-Time Spatiotemporal Control of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Thermal Ablation Using Echo Decorrelation Imaging in ex Vivo Bovine Liver.

The ability to control high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) thermal ablation using echo decorrelation imaging feedback was evaluated in ex vivo bovine liver. Sonications were automatically ceased when the minimum cumulative echo decorrelation within the region of interest exceeded an ablation control threshold, determined from preliminary experiments as -2.7 (log-scaled decorrelation per millisecond), corresponding to 90% specificity for local ablation prediction.