A Rare Case of Parvovirus B19 Infection Induced Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria in an Adult Female.

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is a rare form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). PCH occurs in acute and chronic forms. The main risk factors for PCH include viral infections, vaccination, and syphilis.

An Unusual Presentation of Adult-Onset Still's Disease as Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Male Patient.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and potentially fatal condition characterized by immune activation and multi-organ dysfunction. HLH can be inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion, but can also be secondary to infections, malignancy, immunosuppression, and autoimmune conditions. Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is an autoimmune disorder that can predispose patients to HLH.

An Unusual Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus as Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Male.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and life-threatening hyper-inflammatory condition characterized by excessive activation of macrophages and T cells resulting in multi-organ dysfunction. HLH can be primary/familial or secondary to infections, malignancy, immunosuppression, and autoimmune conditions. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition that can predispose to HLH.