Idiopathic Terminal Ileal Ulceration Mimicking Crohn's in the Setting of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has precipitously decreased the morbidity associated with human immunodeficiency virus but can unmask and exacerbate opportunistic infections and autoimmune diseases. Various diseases have been reported in association with ART initiation, but there is scant literature describing inflammatory colitis in the setting of ART initiation. We present a 39-year-old man with chronic untreated human immunodeficiency virus and central nervous system toxoplasmosis who developed persistent diarrhea after initiation of ART.

Myxofibrosarcoma of the maxillary sinus.

Background: Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is a common sarcoma in the extremities of older individuals but is extremely uncommon in the head and neck region. Diagnosis may be challenging but is critical to the management of the patient. We discuss the radiographic and histopathologic characteristics of this destructive tumor.

Sinonasal eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis: a systematic review.

Background: Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis (EAF) is a benign rare lesion of the upper respiratory mucosa. EAF most commonly presents with an obstructive nasal mass. Due to the rarity of EAF, case reports and case studies have predominated the literature.

Endoscopic nonembolized resection of an extensive sinonasal cavernous hemangioma: A case report and literature review.

Sinonasal hemangiomas, although rare, must be considered in the evaluation of intranasal masses with profuse epistaxis. Although the availability of literature discussing cavernous hemangiomas in this location is limited, there have been no case reports of exclusively soft tissue sinonasal cavernous hemangiomas extending to the anterior skull base (ASB) that were resected purely endoscopically. Here, we describe the successful endoscopic resection of an extensive right sinonasal cavernous hemangioma extending to but not invading the ASB.

Fibrosing mediastinitis: an unusual cause of pulmonary symptoms.

Fibrosing mediastinitis (FM), also known as granulomatous or sclerosing mediastinitis, is an uncommon but serious cause of chest symptoms. Due to an infectious or inflammatory challenge, production of collagen occurs in the confined space of the mediastinum. Collagen formation leads to compression of vital structures, resulting in cough, chest pain and dyspnea.

Endoscopic transnasal septotomy for contralateral orbital apex venous angioma resection and decompression.

Tumors of the orbital apex region are traditionally difficult to approach surgically due to key anatomic structures found in this highly crowded region. We present a case of progressively enlarging orbital apex venous angioma treated with a novel endoscopic transnasal septotomy technique. We highlight the key steps to this approach, as well as specific landmarks necessary to achieve a safe and successful outcome.

Hemangiopericytoma of the larynx.

Hemangiopericytomas are rare vascular neoplasms of the head and neck. Laryngeal involvement is even more rare, with only 9 previously reported cases in the literature. We present an unusual case of a 46 year old with a supraglottic hemangiopericytoma treated surgically.

Endoscopic management of sinonasal hemangiopericytoma.

Objective: Sinonasal hemangiopericytomas (SNHPCs) are rare perivascular tumors with low-grade malignant potential. Traditionally, these tumors have been treated with open approaches such as lateral rhinotomy, Caldwell-Luc, or transfacial approaches. Increased experience with endoscopic management of benign and malignant sinonasal tumors has led to a shift in management of SNHPC.

18F-FDG PET evaluation of sinonasal papilloma.

Objective: It has been suggested that (18)F-FDG uptake determined by PET can differentiate squamous cell carcinoma from benign sinonasal papilloma. We wish to present our experience with sinonasal papillomas and PET/CT to determine if the degree of FDG uptake is indicative of benign or malignant disease.

Conclusion: Benign sinonasal papilloma may be associated with intense FDG uptake on PET/CT.