Barriers impeding research data sharing on chronic disease prevention among the older adults in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Introduction: Chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases, are a growing public health concern in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) among the older population. The current review aimed to identify the main barriers that impede researchers from sharing research data on the prevention of chronic diseases in older adults living in LMICs). The review included both older women and men from these countries.

Male social embeddedness and intimate partner violence perpetration in Tanzania: A cross-sectional study of young Tanzanian men.

Objectives: Social embeddedness - or lack thereof - has been associated with a number of antisocial behaviours, including perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV). The prevalence of IPV in Tanzania remains high, yet the influence of perceived social connection on IPV and coercive control perpetration in young African men has remained mostly unexplored.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 1,002 young Tanzanian men aged 18 to 24 living in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Women's informal group participation and intimate partner violence in Mwanza, Tanzania: A longitudinal study.

Introduction: Women's groups have emerged as an essential platform for implementing violence prevention interventions across diverse settings because they can serve as a powerful catalyst for promoting gender equality, empowering women, and providing a safe space for them. Given the limited empirical evidence on the impact of women's informal group participation on male-perpetrated intimate partner violence, this longitudinal study examines how such participation influences women's experiences of physical, emotional, sexual, and economic IPV in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Methods: Data from four waves of the MAISHA study, which followed up the control groups (n = 1122) of the two MAISHA trials, were analysed.

The short and long-term impact of COVID-19 restrictions on women's mental health in Mwanza, Tanzania: A longitudinal study.

The COVID-19 outbreak had a profound impact on all countries in the world, leading governments to impose various forms of restrictions on social interactions and mobility, including complete lockdowns. While the impact of lockdowns on the emerging mental health crisis has been documented in high income countries, little is known whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic also effected mental health in settings with few or no COVID-19 restrictions in place. Our study therefore aimed to explore the impact of few and no COVID19 restrictions on the self-reported mental health of women in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Food Insecurity and Intimate Partner Violence in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Introduction: Food insecurity is a potential predictor of intimate partner violence. This study (1) describes the prevalence of food insecurity and various forms of intimate partner violence experience among women in Mwanza, Tanzania; and (2) assesses the effect of food insecurity and hunger on various forms of women's experience of intimate partner violence longitudinally.

Methods: Women (aged 18-70 years) who reported being in a relationship in the past 12 months, who had participated in the control arms of two randomized controlled trials conducted as part of the MAISHA study were interviewed at four time points (N=1,004 at baseline in 2017).

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Young Men's Gambling and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in Mwanza, Tanzania.

The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Tanzania is one of the highest in sub-Saharan Africa. There are very few studies on the co-occurrence of gambling and IPV and none from LMICs, despite gambling being a behaviour associated with gender norms exalting masculinity underlying IPV perpetration. Cross-sectional survey data of 755 currently partnered men aged 18-24 from Mwanza, Tanzania were analysed to investigate whether gambling was associated with past-year physical, sexual, emotional and economic IPV.

The association between alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence in young male perpetrators in Mwanza, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Although alcohol consumption is a well-known risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, few studies have been conducted among young males in low- and middle-income countries. Alcohol consumption and IPV are both complex phenomena, whose association requires more in-depth exploration regarding drinking patterns and the alcohol-related manifestation of five different forms of IPV.

Objective: In this study, we sought to explore the relationship between alcohol use and IPV in young Tanzanian men and to identify differences in the magnitude of past-year IPV perpetration among alcohol drinkers and abstainers.

Disability and intimate partner violence: A cross-sectional study from Mwanza, Tanzania.

Background: Women with disabilities are at heightened risk of experiencing intimate partner violence [IPV], although the mechanisms through which disability acts as a risk factor for IPV are not clear.

Objective: We analyzed cross-sectional data (n = 867) from Wave 3 of the MAISHA longitudinal study, conducted in Mwanza, Tanzania, to i) describe the levels of disability and IPV amongst women, and ii) to assess the association between level and type of disability and IPV experience.

Methods: IPV was assessed using the WHO Multi-Country study instrument.

Intergenerational education and violence effects on adolescent education, early employment and adolescent parenting.

Adolescence is a crucial phase in life, when foundations are established for future health . Therefore, supporting adolescents is necessary to meet the sustainable development goals by 2030. Evidence on the intergenerational transmission of poverty, education and violence suggests that to improve adolescents' well-being, the broader context in which they grow up needs to be understood when developing programmes and approaches to improve their lives.

Longitudinal inconsistencies in women's self-reports of lifetime experience of physical and sexual IPV: evidence from the MAISHA trial and follow-on study in North-western Tanzania.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is pervasive throughout the world, with profound consequences for women's health. Research to understand the extent, causes and consequences of IPV relies on self-reported data on violence, and yet there is a paucity of research into the consistency with which women report lifetime IPV over time.

Methods: We use data from the control group of the cluster randomised trial and a follow-on longitudinal study in Tanzania to examine discrepancies in women's reported experience of lifetime physical IPV and sexual IPV over three time-points (T0, T29, T53 months).

The prevalence and incidence of HIV in the ART era (2006-2016) in North West Tanzania.

Background: Sub-Saharan countries bear a disproportionate percentage of HIV infections and HIV-related deaths despite the efforts to strengthen HIV prevention and treatments services, including ART. It is important to demonstrate how these services have contributed to reducing the epidemic using available population data.

Methods: We estimated the prevalence and incidence rates from a cohort running over 23 years in Magu District, Mwanza Region-North West Tanzania.

Analytical methods used in estimating the prevalence of HIV/AIDS from demographic and cross-sectional surveys with missing data: a systematic review.

Background: Sero- prevalence studies often have a problem of missing data. Few studies report the proportion of missing data and even fewer describe the methods used to adjust the results for missing data. The objective of this review was to determine the analytical methods used for analysis in HIV surveys with missing data.

Dyslipidemias and cardiovascular risk scores in urban and rural populations in north-western Tanzania and southern Uganda.

Background: Dyslipidemia is a leading risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. There are few published epidemiological data regarding dyslipidemia in Africa. We determined full lipid and apolipoprotein profiles and investigated factors associated with lipid levels in urban and rural populations of north-western Tanzania and southern Uganda.

A social empowerment intervention to prevent intimate partner violence against women in a microfinance scheme in Tanzania: findings from the MAISHA cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Globally, about 30% of women have experienced physical or sexual violence, or both, from an intimate partner during their lifetime. Associations between poverty and women's increased risk of intimate partner violence have been observed. We therefore aimed to assess the effect of a violence prevention intervention delivered to women participating in a group-based microfinance scheme in Tanzania.

Prevalence,awareness and factors associated with hypertension in North West Tanzania.

Background: Hypertension is a public health problem, and yet few people are aware of it and even fewer access effective treatment. With the ongoing demographic transition in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, people are changing from rural, manual work to urban lifestyles, hence the risk of hypertension increases.

Objective: This study aimed at determining the prevalence, awareness and risk factors associated with hypertension in North West Tanzania.

Individual and contextual factors associated with appropriate healthcare seeking behavior among febrile children in Tanzania.

Introduction: Fever in malaria endemic areas, has been shown to strongly predict malaria infection and is a key symptom influencing malaria treatment. WHO recommended confirmation testing for Plasmodium spp. before initiation of antimalarials due to increased evidence of the decrease of morbidity and mortality from malaria, decreased malaria associated fever, and increased evidence of high prevalence of non-malaria fever.

Variability of respiratory rate measurements in children suspected with non-severe pneumonia in north-east Tanzania.

Objective: Measurement of respiratory rate is an important clinical sign in the diagnosis of pneumonia but suffers from interobserver variation. Here, we assess the use of video recordings as a quality assurance tool that could be useful both in research and in training of staff.

Methods: Respiratory rates (RR) were recorded in children aged 2-59 months presenting with cough or difficulty breathing at two busy outpatient clinics in Tanzania.

Effect of context on respiratory rate measurement in identifying non-severe pneumonia in African children.

Objective: Cough or difficult breathing and an increased respiratory rate for their age are the commonest indications for outpatient antibiotic treatment in African children. We aimed to determine whether respiratory rate was likely to be transiently raised by a number of contextual factors in a busy clinic leading to inaccurate diagnosis.

Methods: Respiratory rates were recorded in children aged 2-59 months presenting with cough or difficulty breathing to one of the two busy outpatient clinics and then repeated at 10-min intervals over 1 h in a quiet setting.