Metabolism of alcohol ethoxylates (AEs) in rat, hamster, and human hepatocytes and liver S9: a pilot study for metabolic stability, metabolic pathway, and metabolites identification in vitro and in silico.

Alcohol ethoxylates (AEs) are a well-known class of non-ionic surfactants widely used by the personal care market. The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize the in vitro metabolism of AEs and identify metabolites. Five selected individual homologue AEs (CEO, CEO, CEO, CEO, and CEO) were incubated using human, rat, and hamster liver S9 fraction and cryopreserved hepatocytes.

Meeting Parents' Needs for Education and Preparation following Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosis: Recommendations from a Crowdsourced Study.

Objective: This article characterizes the educational needs of parents following fetal or neonatal congenital heart disease (CHD) diagnosis and generates recommendations for meeting these needs.

Study Design: Online crowdsourcing methods were used to collect qualitative data from 95 parents of children with CHD regarding their needs for education and preparation following fetal or neonatal diagnosis. Data were analyzed using qualitative methods and themes were organized around the substructure of met and unmet needs.

Partnering With Stakeholders to Inform the Co-Design of a Psychosocial Intervention for Prenatally Diagnosed Congenital Heart Disease.

Input from diverse stakeholders is critical to the process of designing healthcare interventions. This study applied a novel mixed-methods, stakeholder-engaged approach to co-design a psychosocial intervention for mothers expecting a baby with congenital heart disease (CHD) and their partners to promote family wellbeing. The research team included parents and clinicians from 8 health systems.

Parental post-traumatic stress, overprotective parenting, and emotional and behavioural problems for children with critical congenital heart disease.

Objective: To examine relationships amongst parental post-traumatic stress symptoms, parental post-traumatic growth, overprotective parenting, and child emotional/behavioural problems in families of children with critical CHD.

Method: Sixty parents (15 fathers) of children aged 1-6 completed online questionnaires assessing parental post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth, overprotective parenting, and child emotional/behavioural problems. Bivariate correlations and mediational analyses were conducted to evaluate overprotective parenting as a mediator of the association between parental post-traumatic stress symptoms and child emotional/behavioural problems.

Parent mental health and family functioning following diagnosis of CHD: a research agenda and recommendations from the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative.

Diagnosis of CHD substantially affects parent mental health and family functioning, thereby influencing child neurodevelopmental and psychosocial outcomes. Recognition of the need to proactively support parent mental health and family functioning following cardiac diagnosis to promote psychosocial adaptation has increased substantially over recent years. However, significant gaps in knowledge remain and families continue to report critical unmet psychosocial needs.

Fathers of Children With Congenital Heart Disease: Sources of Stress and Opportunities for Intervention.

Objectives: To examine sources of stress for fathers of children with congenital heart disease and opportunities for intervention to prevent or reduce paternal mental health problems.

Design: Qualitative study using online crowdsourcing, an innovative research methodology to create an online community to serve as a research sample.

Setting: Yammer, an online social networking site.

Quantitative Acoustic Models for Superfluid Circuits.

We experimentally realize a highly tunable superfluid oscillator circuit in a quantum gas of ultracold atoms and develop and verify a simple lumped-element description of this circuit. At low oscillator currents, we demonstrate that the circuit is accurately described as a Helmholtz resonator, a fundamental element of acoustic circuits. At larger currents, the breakdown of the Helmholtz regime is heralded by a turbulent shedding of vortices and density waves.

Machine-Learning Classification Suggests That Many Alphaproteobacterial Prophages May Instead Be Gene Transfer Agents.

Many of the sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes encode regions of viral provenance. Yet, not all of these regions encode bona fide viruses. Gene transfer agents (GTAs) are thought to be former viruses that are now maintained in genomes of some bacteria and archaea and are hypothesized to enable exchange of DNA within bacterial populations.

Giant vortex clusters in a two-dimensional quantum fluid.

Adding energy to a system through transient stirring usually leads to more disorder. In contrast, point-like vortices in a bounded two-dimensional fluid are predicted to reorder above a certain energy, forming persistent vortex clusters. In this study, we experimentally realize these vortex clusters in a planar superfluid: a Rb Bose-Einstein condensate confined to an elliptical geometry.

Mobile phone, social media usage, and perceptions of delivering a social media safer sex intervention for adolescents: results from two countries.

Rates of sexually transmitted infections among adolescents remain high in the United States and Botswana. Mobile phone density rates in Botswana exceed those of the United States. Yet, in both countries, safer sex information continues to be delivered primarily via face-to-face curricula such as and .

Perception scores of siblings and parents of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Objectives: Siblings of children with chronic medical conditions endorse a lower quality of life compared to age-matched peers. Caregiver and sibling-self report of adjustment are often discordant. Congenital heart disease significantly affects family life.

Mesoscopic Dynamical Differences from Quantum State Preparation in a Bose-Hubbard Trimer.

Conventional wisdom is that quantum effects will tend to disappear as the number of quanta in a system increases, and the evolution of a system will become closer to that described by mean-field classical equations. In this Letter we combine newly developed theoretical and experimental techniques to propose and analyze an experiment using a Bose-Hubbard trimer where the opposite is the case. We find that differences in the preparation of a centrally evacuated trimer can lead to readily observable differences in the subsequent dynamics which increase with system size.

The Effect of Interval From Completion of Short-Course Radiotherapy to Surgery on the Post-Operative Morbidity and Mortality of Patients with Rectal Cancer.

Aim: Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for invasive rectal cancer. Advances in surgical technique and radiotherapy over the past few decades have resulted in improved local control and survival. Some concern remains regarding the morbidity associated with performing surgery within a short window following radiotherapy.

Mothers and Fathers Experience Stress of Congenital Heart Disease Differently: Recommendations for Pediatric Critical Care.

Objective: To inform pediatric critical care practice by examining how mothers and fathers experience the stress of caring for a young child with congenital heart disease and use hospital and community supports.

Design: Qualitative study of mothers and fathers of young children with congenital heart disease.

Setting: Tertiary care pediatric hospital in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

Children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome have lower quality of life than healthy controls and children with other illnesses.

Objective: Previous studies suggest that children with congenital cardiac diagnoses report lower quality of life when compared with healthy norms. A few studies have evaluated quality of life specifically in children born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, a condition requiring several surgeries before age three. The aim of this study was to use an empirically validated and standardised measure - the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory - to evaluate quality of life in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and compare the findings with similar, medically complicated samples.

Imaging Sensitivity of Quiescent Cancer Cells to Metabolic Perturbations in Bone Marrow Spheroids.

Malignant cells from breast cancer and other common cancers such as prostate and melanoma may persist in bone marrow as quiescent, non-dividing cells that remain viable for years or even decades before resuming proliferation to cause recurrent disease. This phenomenon, referred to clinically as tumor dormancy, poses tremendous challenges to curing patients with breast cancer. Quiescent tumor cells resist chemotherapy drugs that predominantly target proliferating cells, limiting success of neo-adjuvant and adjuvant therapies.

Anxiety Scores in Caregivers of Children with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.

Objectives: Caring for children with congenital heart disease places significant stress on caregivers. Minimal data exist evaluating stress levels in caregivers of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). The goal of this study was to obtain baseline stress scores for caregivers of children with HLHS and determine if associations exist between scores and specific caregiver factors.

Note: High turn density magnetic coils with improved low pressure water cooling for use in atom optics.

We describe a magnetic coil design utilizing concentrically wound electro-magnetic insulating (EMI) foil (25.4 μm Kapton backing and 127 μm thick layers). The magnetic coils are easily configurable for different coil sizes, while providing large surfaces for low-pressure (0.

Characteristics of two-dimensional quantum turbulence in a compressible superfluid.

Fluids subjected to suitable forcing will exhibit turbulence, with characteristics strongly affected by the fluid's physical properties and dimensionality. In this work, we explore two-dimensional (2D) quantum turbulence in an oblate Bose-Einstein condensate confined to an annular trapping potential. Experimentally, we find conditions for which small-scale stirring of the condensate generates disordered 2D vortex distributions that dissipatively evolve toward persistent currents, indicating energy transport from small to large length scales.

Broadband mid-infrared frequency upconversion and spectroscopy with an aperiodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide.

We convert a mid-infrared frequency comb to near-infrared wavelengths through sum-frequency generation with a 1.064 μm CW laser in an aperiodically poled ZnO:LiNbO(3) waveguide. Upconversion of light in the range of 2.

Mid-infrared virtually imaged phased array spectrometer for rapid and broadband trace gas detection.

We present and characterize a two-dimensional (2D) imaging spectrometer based on a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) disperser for rapid, high-resolution molecular detection using mid-infrared (MIR) frequency combs at 3.1 and 3.8 μm.

A multi-criteria decision analysis model to assess the safety of botanicals utilizing data on history of use.

Botanicals (herbal materials and extracts) are widely used in traditional medicines throughout the world. Many have an extensive history of safe use over several hundreds of years. There is now a growing consumer interest in food and cosmetic products, which contain botanicals.

High-power broadband laser source tunable from 3.0 μm to 4.4 μm based on a femtosecond Yb:fiber oscillator.

We describe a tunable broadband mid-IR laser source based on difference-frequency mixing of a 100 MHz femtosecond Yb:fiber laser oscillator and a Raman-shifted soliton generated with the same laser. The resulting light is tunable over 3.0 μm to 4.